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Tests On Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking In Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds For Dry Storage Canister Application

Product Number: ED22-17131-SG

Author: Seunghyun Kim, Dong-Jin Oh, Chang-Young Oh, Gidong Kim, and Sang Woo Song

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) is a degradation phenomenon hindering structural integrity of a dry storage canister for interim storage of spent nuclear fuel. Owing to materials susceptibility, residual stress and corrosive environments, pitting corrosion and evolution of CISCC occur. Previous workers on CISCC have figured out that austenitic stainless steels is susceptible to CISCC due to its microstructural characteristics. In chloride-containing media, pits are formed at the surface of austenitic stainless steels and theses pits play a role as CISCC initiation sites. However, due to its complexity, fundamental mechanism of CISCC at various temperatures and relative humidity (RH) values is still in-debate.

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The 1000´S Of Microbial Genera Found In Argentina´S O&G Fields: Their Impact On Microbially Induced Corrosion And Integrity Of Facilities

Product Number: 51321-16754-SG

Author: Walter Vargas

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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The 2021 US Gas Gathering Final Rule and the New Challenges to Pipeline Integrity

Product Number: 51324-21233-SG

Author: Bernardo Cuervo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The 2021 gathering rule changes the definition of a regulated gas gathering pipeline; more than 400,000 additional miles will be covered by Federal reporting requirements. In the past, most gathering lines were built in low-populated areas, with smaller-diameter pipelines, and with lower pressures of operation. They used to pose a lower risk than transmission pipelines. However, with horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques, the volume of gas transported through gathering lines has increased dramatically. As a consequence of larger diameters, higher operating pressures, and several high-profile gas gathering pipeline incidents, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) issued a final rule that expands Federal pipeline safety oversight to all onshore gas gathering pipelines. Today, more and more gas gathering pipeline operators are performing feasibility studies to retrofit their pipelines and make them piggable. The purpose is twofold, to make the pipelines run efficiently and provide critical data regarding the condition of the asset, as in-line inspection (ILI) yields the highest per-mile discovery of anomalies.

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The AA2024/CFRP Galvanic Couple Under A Dynamic Electrolyte Drop

Product Number: 51322-17686-SG

Author: R. Montoya, E. García-Lecina, J.M. Vega-Vega, J. Genesca

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The gap between fully immersed and ultra-thin film electrochemical measurements is wide, which suggests that the two conditions are independent of one another. There is a lot of work describing experiments, results, and trends regarding completely immersed electrochemical tests. However, in corrosion tests under thin electrolyte films, the information is not so abundant. A classical three-electrode cell used in conventional electrochemical tests cannot easily be scaled for immersion in electrolytes of micron thickness.

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The Advantages and Challenges of a Direct to Install AC Mitigation Approach: A Case Study

Product Number: 51323-19267-SG

Author: Joe Gallant, Darrell Cornet, Emer Flounders

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A large diameter, 1067 mm (42 in) and 914 mm (36 in), high pressure gas mainline, and four (4) smaller diameter lateral pipelines, between 406 mm (16 in) and 610 mm (24 in), were constructed in Alberta, Canada, between 1999 and 2000. At the time of construction, the pipelines were built in proximity to several high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission lines. In subsequent years, additional transmission lines were built near the pipeline system, bringing the total number of lines with significant proximity to eight (8).

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The Application of Ceramic Coatings to Extend Radiant Tube Life in Process Heaters and Improve Operational Efficiency with Cost Benefit Analysis

Product Number: MPWT19-14438

Author: John Bacon, Johannes Poth and Iain Hall

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Ceramic coatings technologies are an effective surface engineering tool in the management of heat flux on metal surfaces. Thin ceramic coatings can be employed to either increase or decrease heat transfer on metal surfaces by modulation of emissivity. While this characteristic is relatively easily impressed on a surface, long term coating sustainability and oxidation protection of the underlying metal is not readily achieved. This presentation provides a technical data-based introduction to the function, performance, testing, and installation of ceramic coatings on two key pieces of refining equipment.
• Process heaters are critical production assets for the downstream hydrocarbon processing industries such as refineries and petrochemical plants. The efficient operation of these units is vital to plant productivity since they consume large amounts of energy to provide the required heat for the process. They may also bottleneck feed throughout due to heat transfer limits. Scaling and hot spots in the radiant tube section can cause local coking and premature material failure. Improvements in operating efficiency and reliability can yield significant cost benefits and a fast return on investment. Additionally, radiant transfer properties of existing refractory systems can be improved, increasing process efficiencies. Know ceramic performance metrics can be used to predictively model performance improvement. • Flare tips routinely suffer from material overheat, creep and oxidation. Ceramic systems are employed to mitigate these, through the installation of both low emissivity and low conductive heat transfer materials. This paper and case study discusses how different ceramic systems can be used in the management of heat transfer, the protection of surfaces from corrosion, and provide insight into the less intuitive mode by which heat transfer can be promoted.

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The Application of Zinc-Nickel for Corrosion Resistance Applications

Product Number: 51323-19347-SG

Author: Sarah Medeiros

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Electroplating is a coating technique used to apply a metallic deposit to alter the properties of the substrate surface. Traditional electroplating involves submerging a part into a tank of electrolyte plating solution and passing a current between the part and an anode, any area that should not be plated must be masked off. Brush electroplating is a portable method of electroplating localized areas without the use of an immersion tank.

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The Cavitation Corrosion Behaviour of a Cobalt-Based Alloy in Seawater

Product Number: 51324-21122-SG

Author: A. Al-Hashem

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

An ultrasonically induced cavitation facility was used to study the cavitation corrosion behavior of cobalt-based alloy (UNS R30006) in seawater. The work included measurements of free corrosion potentials, and mass loss in presence and absence of cavitation. The cavitation tests were made at a frequency of 20 KHz and at temperatures of 250C. Cavitation conditions caused a noble shift in the free corrosion potential for cobalt-based alloys. Cavitation also increased the rate of mass loss of these alloys by several orders of magnitude with respect to stagnant conditions. Cavitation made the surface of this alloy very rough, exhibiting cavity pits in the middle region of the attacked area as revealed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical factors were determined to be the leading cause of metal loss.

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The Challenges of Replacing Conventional Thermal Insulation with Insulation Coatings to Eliminate Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)

Product Number: 51323-19519-SG

Author: David Morton

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) is widely acknowledged to be a critical issue facing plant operators in the oil, gas and chemical industries. CUI studies from a petrochemical facility have shown that 40-60% of pipe maintenance costs are due to CUI and approximately 10% of the total maintenance budget is spent repairing damage from CUI, mainly on pipes. The risk of corrosion under insulation is considered high in the temperature range 50 – 175°C (122 – 347°F) and extreme when in cyclic temperature service between -20 and 320°C (-4 – 608°F).

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The Change Of Corrosion Inhibition Behavior Of Tetradecyl Phosphate Ester At Elevated Temperatures

Product Number: 51322-18053-SG

Author: Shuai Ren, Yi He, Xi Wang, David Young, Marc Singer, Maalek Mohamed-Saïd, Sheyla Camperos

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Organic corrosion inhibitors (CIs) are widely employed in the oil and gas industry to protect carbon steel pipelines against internal corrosion. The high inhibition efficiency of organic CIs at extremely low concentration can be attributed to their amphiphilic molecular structures. This structure enables the formation of self-assembled films that act against corrosion via the adsorption of their hydrophilic head group on the steel substrate and the repellence of aqueous corrosive species by their hydrophobic tail. Consequently, any factors affecting the film formation of organic CIs could lead to changes in inhibition behaviors.

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The Combined Influences of Microstructure, Strength, and Titanium Content on the Hydrogen Stress Cracking Resistance of Precipitation Hardened Nickel Alloys

Product Number: 51323-19348-SG

Author: Stephen A. McCoy, E. Buddy Damm, Brian A. Baker, William MacDonald

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Precipitation hardenable nickel alloys N09925, N07718, N09945, N09946 and N07725 provide high strength and excellent sour service corrosion resistance for critical downhole oilfield applications. This family of alloys achieves yield strength minimums ranging from 120 to 160 KSI (827-1103 MPa) and can withstand high temperatures and partial pressures of H2S. The primary strengthening mechanism is the formation of γ’ and γ” nanometer sized particles during an age hardening heat treatment.

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The Complex Synergy of Delayed Environmentally Assisted Cracking In Transmission Gear Assemblies

Product Number: 51323-19337-SG

Author: Joshua James

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Root cause analysis involves a detailed process of evidence collection, investigation of the evidence, subsequent analysis, and identification of corrective actions based on conclusions drawn from the evidence. The process when diagrammed out seems simple, however paramount to the process is identifying the problem or failure accurately. Misunderstanding the failure leads to misidentification of the root cause which in turn begets mitigation efforts that may or may not impactfully remediate the original failure.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance