AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Why Voltage Matters For High Voltage Holiday Testing On Steel

Product Number: 51322-17662-SG

Author: Cameron Walker, Vaughn O’Dea, Joshua Bell, Javier Tormes

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A holiday is defined as a pinhole or discontinuity in a coating lining. These discontinuities are frequently very small and not readily visible and create a pathway for oxygen and an electrolyte to cause deterioration of the underlying substrate. These defects will tend to reduce the life expectancy of a coating in service, particularly if the service is to include immersion, such as the lining of a tank or a pipe.

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Wide range of buffering capasity of HLP solution for long term HIC testing under mildly sour condition

Product Number: 51322-18078-SG

Author: Daichi Izumi, Junji Shimamura, Nobuyuki Ishikawa, Takuya Hara, Kyono Yasuda, Taishi Fujishiro , Eiji Tada, Mitsuo Kimura

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In linepipes for transportation of natural gas, suppression of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) caused by H₂S contained in the transportation medium is an important issue. HIC is a phenomenon in which hydrogen atoms generated by a corrosion reaction penetrate steel and are accumulated in the central segregation part and inclusions in the steel, internal pressure is increased by gasification, and finally cracks occur.

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Wireless UT Sensors For Structural Health Monitoring & Remote Operations In A Post COVID19 World

Product Number: 51322-17523-SG

Author: Steve Strachan

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

For decades, many asset owner/operators across the O&G value chain (and other critical industry segments) of upstream, midstream, & downstream have struggled to identify the root cause of fluctuating corrosion/erosion rates due to unreliable or infrequent data during various operating intervals on their most valuable of assets. This key missing data point has forced mechanical integrity teams, corrosion engineers, inspectors, and operations to, in many cases, make the best guess or hypothesize how to operate with a limited data set of information. In almost all cases, a time-based inspection or maintenance interval is used to gauge the useful lifetime of assets based on this limited data simply because these assets couldn’t give their owners a real-time health diagnostic of how they were doing … until now.

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Wireline Cable: Corrosion of Galvanized Armor Wires in Aqueous Drilling Fluids

Product Number: 51324-20674-SG

Author: John Staniland; Madhuri Gummadi; Anatoly Medvedev; Trevor Hughes; Evgeny Barmatov

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper describes a methodology for the investigation of corrosion of galvanized armor wires used in the construction of wireline logging cables. The methodology involves a detailed characterization of the wires to determine the characteristics of the zinc coating and Zn/Fe alloy zones. Model brine solutions and fully formulated drilling fluids were used to quantify the corrosion of galvanized armor wires in the aqueous fluid system (AFS) using weight-loss analysis and electrochemical techniques. A novel corrosion test protocol was developed to accurately measure both zinc dissolution and surface oxidation of the zinc coating. The degradation of the zinc coating was determined as a function of brine composition, oxygen concentration, pH, and temperature. The effectiveness of a grease coating applied to the wire sample surfaces prior to exposure to the brine was evaluated.

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Wonderful World of Solid Particle Erosion and Challenges in Erosion Testing and Modeling

Product Number: 51323-19003-SG

Author: Siamack A. Shirazi, Yeshwanthraj Rajkumar, Ronald Vieira, Thiana A. Sedrez, Soroor Karimi, Jun Zhang, Farzin Darihaki, Hadi Arabnejad

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Solid particles entrained in fluids can impact pipelines and equipment causing wear and material removal. Particle impact velocities that are affected by the carrier fluids have the largest effect on the magnitude and distribution of solid particle erosion rates in addition to the mass of impacting particles or the particle rates. In addition to the interaction of particles with the carrier fluids, particles interaction with solid materials makes this process highly complex and produces effects that are interesting and yet important to predict for practical engineering applications.

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Yeah, Examining the Impact of Overprotection on AC Corrosion: A Case Study Investigation

Product Number: 51324-20877-SG

Author: Ivano Magnifico

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The risk of AC corrosion has always been linked in particular to the parallelisms of underground pipelines with HVAC lines, especially in those geographical areas where the morphology of the territory creates obligatory so-called "technological corridors", and therefore forces the coexistence of different services over long distances. More recently, the greater diffusion of AC-powered railway networks has further increased the AC interfering sources, while the use of more performing coatings on underground pipelines has on the one hand increased their insulation from the surrounding soil, and on the other has increased the risk of overprotection compared to old, less performing, or more degraded coatings. This paper, starting from a real case found in a gas distribution network in a European big city, will present the normative criteria to be used to keep the AC corrosion risk under control, and will highlight how precisely the simultaneous presence of cathodic overprotection may result in an autocatalytic cycle leading to accelerated AC corrosion, in which monitoring becomes essential in order to be able to carry out on time the appropriate corrective actions.

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Zinc Sulfide Solubility Modeling In Aqueous Solution At High Temperature And High Pressure

Product Number: 51322-17763-SG

Author: Xin Wang, Zhaoyi Dai, Yue Zhao, Chong Dai, Saebom Ko, Samridhdi Paudyal, Xuanzhu Yao, Cianna Leschied, Amy T. Kan, Mason B. Tomson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The increasing need for fossil fuels has resulted in more aggressive drilling and exploitation in oil and gas production industry. As new explorations at more extreme conditions (i.e. high temperature and high pressure) become more frequent, new challenges arise in terms of drilling equipment, operation conditions and safe production. Among those challenges, the mineral scale deposition, as one of the serious problems both for the surface and subsurface oilfields, can cause pipelines plugging, equipment failure and decrease in production efficiency, even emergency shutdown.

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Zr(Fe,Cr)2 Precipitate Amorphization and Iron Redistribution in Zircaloy-4 Using a Two-Step Proton Irradiation

Product Number: ED22-17211-SG

Author: Peng Wang, Gary S. Was

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The corrosion of zirconium-based alloys is a service life-limiting factor in fuel rod performance. Mechanistic understanding of the corrosion process under reactor irradiation conditions still alludes to the nuclear industry. Pre-transition corrosion behavior of Zircaloy-4 has been reported to show a minimal effect from the irradiation environment, and the in-reactor corrosion kinetics is athermal and similar to the ex-situ autoclave corrosion exposure. However, the post-transition in-reactor corrosion kinetics depends on temperature and neutron flux. As discussed by Kammenzind et al. in Ref., the long-term post-transition corrosion rates of Zircaloy-4 are significantly accelerated in a PWR radiation environment over that observed with non-irradiated specimens in an autoclave environment.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance