AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

Available for download

Post Weld Heat Treatment of Oilfield 13Cr Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51324-20919-SG

Author: Krishna Chimbli

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Type 13Cr martensitic stainless steels are widely used for threaded and coupled oilfield casing and tubing because of their resistance to corrosion by dissolved carbon dioxide and their cost advantage over most other corrosion-resistant alloys. However, 13Cr used for welded downhole components requires careful planning. Their high hardenability creates a hard heat-affected zone microstructure, which must be tempered by post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) to recover the alloy’s limited resistance to sulfide stress cracking. At the same time, the relatively high strength of downhole 13Cr stainless steel grades (80 to 110 ksi specified minimum yield strength) requires tempering temperatures that limit the maximum PWHT temperature that can be applied without compromising the material’s strength. This publication presents welding procedure qualification of 13Cr grades and experimental work performed to determine how PWHT affects the yield strength of 13Cr grades. Methods are described for establishing a suitable PWHT time and temperature for these alloys.

Available for download

Potassium Hydroxide For PWR Primary Coolant pH Control: EPRI Program

Product Number: ED22-17394-SG

Author: Keith Fruzzetti, Dennis Hussey, Peter Chou, David Perkins

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper outlines and summarizes the robust testing and assessment program developed and implemented by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), following upon an initial feasibility evaluation completed in 2015. A multi-year, multi-discipline program has been developed, incorporating significant industry input, to address the identified technical gaps in materials, fuels, chemistry, and radiation safety that need evaluation to support a plant demonstration in a Western-design PWR.

Available for download

Potential Measurements, How To Effectively Monitor The ‘Health’ Of Your Cathodic Protection System

Product Number: 51322-18042-SG

Author: Eric S. Langelund

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Potential measurements are often referred to as the ‘language’ of corrosion. They are the most fundamental process in the field of corrosion control. The purpose of potential measurements is to obtain a general idea of the ‘health’ of the cathodic protection system.

Available for download

Practical Application Of AI To Transform Pipeline Integrity Management

Product Number: 51323-19039-SG

Author: Pankaj Tandon

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Management and operating teams, across all industries, but especially inside asset management organizations, must increasingly rely on data-driven assessment and analytics for decision making. Clearly, inefficiency and ineffectiveness associated with manual or poorly optimized business processes and fragmented business management Infrastructures is a barrier to formulating the safest, most efficient and cost effective asset management and operational decisions. According to Deloitte’s digital maturity analysis, the midstream industry and specially the pipeline sector is in its lowest stages of digital adoption (first 20-30% progress).

Available for download

Practical Application of Lifecycle Costing of Coating Systems – Effectively Using Forecasted Service Life and Cost Consideration Data

Product Number: 51323-19210-SG

Author: J. Peter Ault, Jayson Helsel

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

For each sample project, the service environment (i.e. exposure conditions) and anticipated maintenance painting sequence needs to be defined. The service environments correspond to ISO 12944-2, “Classification of Environments.” The referenced paper (referred to as the Paper) presents a sequence for typical maintenance painting.

This sequence includes the follow steps:

Original Painting
Spot Touch-Up and Repair (1 or 2 cycles)
Maintenance Repaint [spot prime and full coat] (1 or 2 cycles)
Full Repaint [total coating removal and replacement]

Available for download

Practical Considerations For The Assessment Of HTHA Risk

Product Number: 51323-19187-SG

Author: Jeremy Staats, Dave Dewees, Gerrit Buchheim, Frank Sapienza

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Becht is among multiple engineering groups which has developed a practical model to continue giving owner-operators higher confidence by extending HTHA assessment methodologies to be more quantitative using decades of development from the literature. This model has incorporated a well-established analytical damage model that can produce time-based Nelson Curves for carbon steel and C-0.5Mo materials, based on the temperature, hydrogen partial pressure and applied stresses.

The key to any quantitative model is managing the input parameters and validation of input data.

Available for download

Precision Navigation For Hull Crawling Robots - Efficient Robots For Automated Grooming

Product Number: 51322-17660-SG

Author: Karl Lander

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The impacts of marine biofouling to the maritime and naval communities, as well as the planet as a whole are well documented. Whether its increased fuel consumption and carbon emissions, transport of invasive species, or that it just plain looks bad, marine biofouling needs to be addressed more aggressively, be that timely removal of growth, or increased monitoring of hull condition to know when it’s time for removal. Current methods of removing growth are costly both in time and money, potentially environmentally unfriendly and risk impacting the health of the ship’s coating system.

Available for download

Predictability of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Solid Particle Erosion of 90° Stainless-Steel Elbows in Various Erosive Environments

Product Number: 51324-20886-SG

Author: K. Alanazi; R. Mohan; S. S. Kolla; O. Shoham; A. Nassef

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Many applications, including elbows of piping systems in pressurized water reactors, require ductile materials. However, the impingement of solid particles entrained in turbulent flows causes these materials to erode. To mitigate erosion failures, this paper proposes a low-cost method for predicting erosion in elbows carrying gas-dominated and liquid-dominated flows. The method solely relies on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), drawing inspiration from experimental data of 90-degree stainless-steel elbows found in the literature. Utilizing the standard k-e turbulence model and standard wall function, penetration data of elbows operating in three different flow directions were predicted. In each flow direction, three models- DNV (2007), Oka et al. (2005), and Finnie (1960)- were evaluated. The CFD evaluation was based upon empirical data obtained in millimeters per day from four particle sizes (100, 300, 350, 450 µm), three radius-of-curvature-to-diameter ratios (1.50, 1.53, 3.25), three gas superficial velocities (25.24, 47.00, 72.00 m/s), and two liquid superficial velocities (4.00, 6.48 m/s). The DNV model exhibited a high degree of agreement with experimental data when applied to low liquid (4.00 m/s) and gas (25.24 m/s) superficial velocities. In contrast, experimental data obtained from high superficial gas (47.00, 72.00 m/s) and liquid (6.48 m/s) velocities were well correlated with the model proposed by Oka et al. At high superficial velocities, the DNV model underpredicted the data. Saffman force inclusion in particle tracking has remarkably increased the erosion prediction of all models for gas-dominated flows but resulted in less prediction for liquid-dominated flows.

Available for download

Predicting Atmospheric Galvanic Corrosion Of Aluminum Alloy By Combining Electrochemical Techniques And Accelerated Laboratory Corrosion Tests

Product Number: 51322-18163-SG

Author: Raghu Srinivasan, Toomas Kollo, Matt Cullin

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Aluminum (Al) alloys are the most common non-ferrous metals used (approximately 25 million tons per year) and the second most commonly used metal alloy after steel¹. Some of the properties of Al alloys that attribute to their worldwide use include lightness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, suitability for surface treatments, and corrosion resistance. Al alloys are also combined with other metals/materials to achieve desired properties for specific applications. Al alloys can be joined to other materials with ease to enhance their combined properties with the following techniques: welding, bolting, riveting, clinching, adhesive bonding, and brazing¹.

Available for download

Predicting Corrosion of Successive Feeds in Distilling Units - An Experimental Approach

Product Number: 51324-20668-SG

Author: Gheorghe Bota; Ishan Patel; Peng Jin; David Young

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Cheap heavy crudes become attractive for oil refineries to increase their benefit margins but the corrosivity of heavy crudes compels the refinery engineers to blend them with the more expensive light sweet crudes. Crude oil blends with complex composition including organo-sulfur compounds, fatty acids, nitrogen and chlorine compounds become corrosive when processed at high temperatures due to these reactive species. Therefore, maintaining corrosion control is a constant effort in oil refineries, and it involves the use of dedicated corrosion models combined with specific experimental lab procedures and methods. This work is presenting the practical application of a lab testing procedure used for predicting the high temperature corrosivity of different crude fractions that were run successively for different time periods in a specific “flow-through” apparatus. The testing procedure consists of two distinct phases performed in the same apparatus, at the same temperature, and for different time durations. During the first phase of the test, scales are formed using a distilling fraction on metal samples and further, in the second test phase, these preformed scales on samples are exposed without interruption to a different distilling fraction. Thus, the two successive test phases, each using a different distilling fraction, are associated with the “changing feeds” in the distilling tower. Corrosive effects are evaluated by sample weight loss measured in successive fraction tests and in separate tests performed with each of the selected fractions. Experimental results are compared to predictions of a corrosion model for sulfidation and naphthenic acid corrosion.

Available for download

Predicting Corrosion Severity of Pipeline Steels in Supercritical CO2 Environments Using Supervised Machine Learning

Product Number: 51324-20803-SG

Author: Emily Seto; Meifeng Li; Jing Liu

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The importance of effective corrosion management in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) networks has significantly increased. Captured CO2 is often transported in the supercritical state (s-CO2) and can contain impurities like H2O, O2, SOx, or NOx. While repurposing existing oil and gas pipelines for s-CO2 transport has been suggested, further testing and risk assessment is required to validate this strategy and its associated risks. Given the substantial amount of corrosion data available from recent corrosion studies, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool for corrosion prediction and management. This study aims to utilize supervised ML techniques to predict the corrosion severity of pipeline steels operating in s-CO2 systems. The selected algorithms, random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM) were trained on a comprehensive data set of X-series pipeline steels which includes corrosion rates, impurity levels, temperatures, pressures, and exposure times. Additional testing data set and error and accuracy scores were used to determine the most accurate algorithm. An additional experimental testing was performed to verify the predictions of the model. It was found that the RF model had the best accuracy of 65.3% out of the three tested models and KNN had the worst accuracy of 59.2%. In multiple impurity environments the RF model was able to accurately predict corrosion severity but overestimated corrosion severity in environments with short exposure times.

Available for download

Predicting Hot Oil Corrosion: A Framework for Quantifying Reactive Organic Sulfur Compounds in Crude Unit Process Streams

Product Number: 51323-19105-SG

Author: Winston Robbins, Sridhar Srinivasan, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In Corrosion/2021, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts SNAPS corrosion rates. During Corrosion/2022, we presented the mechanistic corrosion prediction framework describing the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport of ROSC to vessel walls. In this molecular model, sulfidation corrosion is calculated for direct heterolytic reaction of ROSC with solid surfaces.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance