AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

Available for download

Pressure Vessel Thickness Monitoring and Analyzing Using Linear Regression and Control Chart

Product Number: 51323-18821-SG

Author: Chen Shao-Chi, Hsieh Cheng-Hsuan

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Metal loss due to corrosion is a universal phenomenon in refineries which could in turn cause leakage or explosion if not well monitored. There are several units in a refinery such as crude distillation unit, hydro-processing unit, acid alkylation unit, etc. In each unit, there are hundreds of pressure vessels which have different potential damage mechanisms. Hence, it’s critical to establish an effective and efficient way to monitor thickness changing behavior.

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Preventing Corrosion under Insulation in Piping - Trends after Evaluating Digital Data from Thousands of Piping Circuits

Product Number: 51323-18871-SG

Author: Eddie Sanchez, Michael Townsend, Michael Nichols, Katherine Jonsson, Eric Sjerve, Ana Benz

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Extensive guidelines have been published for selecting where to search for corrosion under insulation (CUI). The guidelines are based on CUI failures and near misses. Piping CUI inspection programs collect the data outlined as relevant in specific company practices.

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Preventing Emergency Landings: Addressing Jet Fuel Filter Clogging and Microbial Contamination

Product Number: 51324-20799-SG

Author: Anil Kumar Chikkam; Aaron Ulmer; Nathan Pace; Edward Larkin; Mehrooz Zamanzadeh

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Emergency landings, also known as "aircraft on ground" (AOG) situations, can arise from various causes, including the clogging of jet fuel filters. This paper focuses on the problem of clogged fuel filters and its connection to microbial growth. When a jet fuel filter becomes clogged, even with a full fuel tank, pilots receive a low fuel message, necessitating an emergency landing at the nearest airport. Failure to address the root cause of filter clogging may result in recurring incidents, causing further disruptions to air travel schedules. To mitigate such issues, it is crucial to identify and take appropriate measures to prevent the recurrence of clogged fuel filters. Our analysis of numerous jet fuel filters has revealed that microbial growth is a prevalent cause of clogging. Microbial contamination within fuel tanks lead to filter obstructions, operational disruptions, and emergency landings. In this paper, we will discuss interesting case studies of fuel filter clogging due to microbes, metal chips, and lint. Also, in this paper we will focus on periodic sampling and testing of jet fuels to detect microbial growth. Employing proper tank cleaning procedures, ensuring appropriate fuel handling, and utilizing biocides can effectively control microbial growth within jet fuel systems.

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Primer For The Inspection, Testing, And Analysis Of Electrically Continuous Reinforced Concrete Structures

Product Number: 51322-17514-SG

Author: Samuel R. Rivera Jr.

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Population growth in city centers has spurred the expansion and new construction of direct current (DC) powered transit systems throughout the world1. Despite stringent design criteria, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) monitored construction practices and ongoing track maintenance, it is a fact that DC stray current will eventually occur and negatively impact buried and/or submerged metallic structures immediately adjacent and within the transit right-of-way (ROW)2. In combination with other methods to reduce stray current such as high track-to-earth (TTE) resistance values and shorter distances between substations, transit agencies are specifying the welding of reinforced steel structures within their purview such as retaining walls and footings, approach slabs, aerial inverts, and bridge abutments to prevent stray current from reducing the design life of surrounding metallic
structures.

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Proactive Cleaning, Maintenance and Inspection of Vessel Hulls Via Autonomous Robots

Product Number: 51323-19315-SG

Author: Karl Lander

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Prevention of corrosion on submerged surfaces, particularly ship’s hulls, is a challenging process. Beyond the corrosive effects of seawater, biofouling will start to accumulate, and if left unchecked, can potentially damage the coating reducing its anti-corrosive properties. In stationery applications, the biofouling may be of little immediate significance, but in the case of vessels, biofouling will greatly increase hull resistance, leading to reduced speed, greater fuel consumption and emissions, as well as enabling the transfer of alien species as the vessels travel the globe.

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Proactive Corrosion Control Assessment to Treat Higher-Acidity Gas

Product Number: 51324-20773-SG

Author: Omar S. Al-Abdulgader; Mohammed A. Al-Muaisub

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Prior to commissioning of a new gas treatment plant, geotechnical analysis showed significant increase in the acidity levels of the feed. Therefore, on-site proactive corrosion control assessment was performed to enable processing higher-acidity gas safely without impacting project schedule. The corrosiveness level of the new feed was re-evaluated in terms of the new required operating conditions. The dominant corrosion damage mechanisms were identified based on the new levels of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide. Industrial standards and engineering practices were utilized to determine the potential impact on assets integrity. Top corrosion challenges that could be driven up by the increase in acid gas levels were proactively identified. Potential risks in the inlet and gas sweetening facilities were assessed, including the possibility of developing accelerated corrosion at the amine contactor and regenerator columns. The material endurance for the higher operating conditions, temperature and pressure, was evaluated. Further, different inspection techniques were utilized to validate the study results and findings. The inspection methods that were used to analyze and assess the amine contactor and regenerator columns are the On-Stream Inspection (OSI) using the External Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and Visual Examination of the internal surface of the equipment during the turnaround interval. Moreover, process and corrosion simulations of anticipated acid gas and water levels were performed to evaluate the need for advanced corrosion control and inspection measures. Based on that, an effective corrosion control strategy was established including different integrated mitigation measures to ensure assets integrity throughout their full-life cycle.

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Probabilistic Digital Twins For Transmission Pipelines

Product Number: 51321-16780-SG

Author: Francois Ayello; Yonghe Yang; Long Li; Guanlan Liu; Yuchong Zhang; Shuhui Zhang

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Probabilistic Techniques in Corrosion Modelling and Remnant Life Prediction

Product Number: 51324-20902-SG

Author: Navin S; Nicholas Laycock; Wouter Hamer; Valliappan V; Aswin Venugopal

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The Virtual Corrosion Engineer (VCE)(1) platform in Shell uses data from online monitoring of industrial plant process conditions as the input to the best available models for the damage mechanisms applicable to the equipment or components of interest. The primary output is then the corrosion rate or susceptibility to failure, displayed on a continuously updated dashboard in real time. However, for furnaces or heat exchangers with hundreds or thousands of tubes, most components of the input data are properly considered as distributions rather than single point value estimates, and hence the remnant life of the tubes is also best represented as a distribution. This paper shows how Monte-Carlo simulation techniques can be used to address this problem and improve the quality of decision making, using practical examples related to creep damage of furnace tubes in service.

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Procedures for Heat Treating Fabricated Equipment of Zirconium Alloys

Product Number: 95251

Author: Richard C. Sutherlin and Teledyne Wah chang

Publication Date: 1995

$20.00

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Process Development for Mechanistic Corrosion Models: Building, Validating, and Leveraging for Robust Outcomes

Product Number: 51324-20871-SG

Author: Daniel Fingas; Scott McKelvey; Keith Parker

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Computer modelling and simulation holds the promise of improved outcomes and more efficient resource allocation. However, attaining these results requires careful consideration of model inputs, robust mechanistic or probabilistic characterizations, delineation of assumptions, validation of outputs versus available data, and the appropriate use of model results. Formalizing these steps is necessary to ensure that checks and balances are implemented transparently and can be audited if necessary. A process has been developed by which a mechanistic corrosion model can be built, validated, and used. The most critical aspect of the process is the validation, by which the model can be tested and shown to be accurate within an acceptable tolerance. Nevertheless, the clear definition of the overall process allows the model to be properly understood, including the necessary context of inputs, assumptions, limitations, and uncertainty. Thus, the process allows the model output to be relied upon for managing risk and maintaining system integrity by both operators and regulators.

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PROFILE OR ROUGHNESS, WHICH IS IT?

Product Number: 51218-090-SG

Author: David Barnes

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This paper looks at the measurement of both profile and roughness on metal surfaces prepared specifically to receive a coating system in order to protect it from corrosion. The difference between roughness and profile is discussed, whether one is more relevant than the other, and the merits of the different measurement methods for both parameters.

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Properties of Splash Zone and Immersion Coatings

Product Number: 51320-14634-SG

Author: T. Doan, N. Rakers, M. Shearer, M. DiTucci, J. Begley, X. Gu, A. Mubarok

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Splash and immersion zones on offshore installations are areas that are exposed to extremely aggressive environments due to the effects of sea water, tides, wind, waves, and/or ultraviolet radiation. Various certifications such as NORSOK(1) exist to help guide customers select a coating based on its corrosion resistance performance. Despite the necessity of these standards, it is helpful to understand that other properties such as substrate surface and cure conditions can greatly effect performance of the coatings. In this paper, we will compare adhesion of two coatings to different substrate surface conditions while both coatings will be cured in two different environments. Our goal is to investigate the effect of curing environment of coatings on adhesion to the substrate.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance