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Becht is among multiple engineering groups which has developed a practical model to continue giving owner-operators higher confidence by extending HTHA assessment methodologies to be more quantitative using decades of development from the literature. This model has incorporated a well-established analytical damage model that can produce time-based Nelson Curves for carbon steel and C-0.5Mo materials, based on the temperature, hydrogen partial pressure and applied stresses.
The key to any quantitative model is managing the input parameters and validation of input data.
Recent developments in HTHA models now allow the quantitative assessment of HTHA likelihood and risk. This paper will discuss practical considerations and factors which are important in successfully completing a quantitative assessment such as data validation and the importance of sensitivity analysis. Factors such as outlier analysis, instrument validation, how to account for unknown conditions, and evaluation at different critical thresholds in the equipment will be elucidated. The key input parameters will be discussed. Understanding the limitations of available inputs is critical to understanding the usefulness of the analysis. This work builds on work previously presented at the API inspection summit in 2022.
Cavitation occurs in localized areas where there is a pressure drop across a structure; the water goes through a phase transition and forms water vapor. These vapor bubbles implode, resulting in high velocity micro-jets which impact adjacent surfaces. These impacts release shockwaves of energy, which cause microscopic particles of the surface material to flake off.1 Repeated micro-jet impact causes microfractures in the affected surfaces and leads to pitting.
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The Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation site is a multi-waste treatment facility that removes radioactive and hazardous contaminants from various sources such as condensate wastewater generated by 242-A Evaporator campaigns, groundwater projects, solid waste disposal facilities, and other Hanford clean-up activities. It has been operational since December 1995 and will reach its original 30-year design life in 2025. The waste streams processed in the ETF are different from Hanford tank-farm wastes, in that the ETF wastes range to relatively higher chloride and sulfate concentrations, and lower nitrate and nitrite concentrations.
Zinc Tidal CP jackets have been utilized to protect the splash zone of steel reinforced concrete piles against aggressive corrosion due to seawater exposure since the mid 1990’s. Galvanic CP jackets are installed on piles in the splash zone and provide galvanic current to the jacketed areas (Figure 1). The submerged portion of the pile that extends below the jacket is always exposed to seawater.