AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Mitigation of Caustic Corrosion: Alloy and Process Considerations for High Velocity Thermal Spray Cladding

Product Number: MPWT19-14436

Author: Matthew Robert MacWatters and Iain Stuart Hall

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

The use of High-Velocity Thermal Spray (HVTS) technology has been well adopted for sour conditions; particularly where low, or locally low, pH conditions result in corrosion and shell thinning. High alloy systems resistant to low pH or acidic conditions are effective at providing a metallurgical barrier, protecting the underlying substrate from material loss. Moreover, HVTS processes have also been employed for mitigating environmentally induced cracking (EIC) in sour service. This paper discusses the suitability and performance of modified HVTS alloys for service where high pH general corrosion or caustic cracking (CSCC) may occur. Extensive testing has been undertaken in both ambient and high pressure and temperature autoclave conditions to better understand material performance in caustic environments. While Nickel Alloy 200 and Monel 400 may be deemed appropriate based on traditional material selections, thermal spray process considerations in the material deposition and the impact of ancillary elements in the process stream, such as halides, render these alloys unsuitable. More complex Nickel alloy cladding systems are evaluated in this study with suitable material recommendations for remediation without the deleterious heat impact of welding or to protect surfaces where heat affected zones have been created and post weld heat treatment is problematic.

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Mitigation Of CRU Heater Tube Carburization By Modified High Heat Transfer Ceramic Cladding Materials

Product Number: 51322-17831-SG

Author: Natalie Hana Frank, Iain Stuart Hall, Paolo Brunello

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Common materials employed in catalytic reforming unit tubes are typically resistant to carburization due to protective chromium oxide films, but under low excess oxygen conditions can become compromised and allow carbon penetration and carbide formation at the exposed surface. Embrittlement and material wastage as a result of these mechanisms causes premature failures, with production loss, in addition to shutdown maintenance and replacement costs. Carburization in this environment is simulated in this paper through a pack carburizing method designed to create an environment optimal for diffusing carbon in an ASTM 335 9Cr-1Mo tube material.

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Mitigation of Elemental Sulfur and Iron Sulfide Under-Deposit Corrosion

Product Number: 51323-19423-SG

Author: Sherman Kung, Nolan Miller, Feras EI Yaakobi, Jeremy Moloney

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Production of highly sour oil and gas fields has increased recently, which introduces new challenges for
corrosion control. In recent years, some unexpected and unexplained pipeline failures have occurred,
resulting in complex investigations and laboratory corrosion performance testing studies to assess the
inhibitors that are applied in these environments. While some of these failures are due to cracking in
sour environments which are prevented by alternative material selection or different operation pipeline
maintenance, we were specifically looking at cases where chemical inhibitors could be used to mitigate
corrosion.

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Mitigation Of Flange Face Corrosion During Plant Construction

Product Number: 51321-16742-SG

Author: Takahiro Tsuda; Nozomi Satake; Manabu Itoki

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Mitigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Stagnant Fire Water Lines

Product Number: MECC23-20008-SG

Author: Faisal Al-Refai; Abdulaziz Al-Beajan; Fahad Al-Qanaee; Anas Abdelmotelb; Vinoraj Selvaraj

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Utility water and fire water which is desalinated is supplied by Ministry of Electricity & Water (MEW) and stored in utility/fire water tank (70-T-0002). The process areas and the tanks are protected by desalinated water as fire water backed up by sea water and the buildings are protected completely by desalinated water. Buildings to be protected by desalinated fire water are fire station, maintenance & operation building, warehouse, workshop, laboratory, and administration building. DF water system used in buildings are stagnant and for the fire water in tanks are used frequently.

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Mitigation Of Scaling Challenges For Long-Term Shut-In Wells Under Ultra-High Temperature

Product Number: 51321-16995-SG

Author: Zhiwei (David) Yue; Megan Westerman; Ping Chen; Chunli Li; John Hazlewood

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Mitigation Of Scaling Potential Using Organophosphorus Phosphonates In High-Temperature And High-Hardness Carbonate Formations

Product Number: 51322-17588-SG

Author: Jian Hou, Tao Chen, Ming Han, Mohammed Bataweel

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Scale is an adherent deposit of inorganic compounds precipitated from water onto surfaces. Most oilfield waters contain certain amounts of dissolved calcium, barium or strontium salts. The mineral scale can be formed by chemical reactions in the formation water itself, by mixing of formation water with injected seawater, or by mixing of the well streams of two incompatible oilfield waters. In carbonate reservoirs, when calcium is deposited as calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate scale, a loss of production and increased maintenance expenses can result. Therefore, effective mitigation of scaling potential is of importance to the oil producers.

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Mixed Metal Oxide Coated Titanium for Impressed Current Anodes Cathodic Protection

Product Number: MECC23-20036-SG

Author: Talal Al-Zahrani; Abdullatif Al-Abdulhadi; Haitham Al-Jahani; Nayef Al-Anazi; Balasubramani Bakthavatchalu; Abdulrahman Al-Huwaiji

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Eliminating and mitigating corrosion is one of the major objectives that oil-and-gas industries are adopting to enhance and optimize the life of their assets. It is achieved by applying scientifically proven concepts that allows industries to with stand corrosion impacts, such as: cathodic protection. It is an electrochemical technique that controls a corrosion cycle by shifting the reaction and electrical potential of the metal surface, which requires protection, from anodic oxidized region to cathodic reduced region.

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Modeling and Prediction of Pipeline External Corrosion

Product Number: 51324-20704-SG

Author: Naim Dakwar; Sankara Papavinasam; Abdullah Hammoud

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

External corrosion (EC) is still the leading cause of oil and gas transmission pipeline incidences. The primary source for understanding external corrosion risk is one of the interrelated parameters: EC rate, remaining wall thickness, or percentage wall loss. They may be obtained from five (5) sources: laboratory data (CLab), field operating conditions (CField), field above ground surveys (Csurveys), inline inspection (CILI), and field below ground inspection (CFBGM). • Laboratory data (CLab) and field operating data (CField) are “leading indicators” of localized pitting corrosion rate. • Field above ground surveys (Csurveys) are “current indicators”. • ILI (CILI) and field below ground inspection (CFBGM) are “past indicators”. The paper compares leading indicators CLab and CField with present condition indicator (CAbove) and trailing indicators (CILI, and CFBGM) of two (2) Saudi Aramco pipelines. This paper describes the success of the approach, lessons learned, and future improvements. How this approach is superior to other methods of prediction such as machine learning and simulation has been explained and how using the 5-M methodology as the based can accelerate the development of other approaches (artificial intelligence (AI) and simulation) has been described.

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Modeling Corrosion of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Complex Environments in Wide Concentration Ranges

Product Number: 51324-20731-SG

Author: Deepti Ballal; Andre Anderko

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion in acidic solutions frequently leads to equipment failure in industry. The ability to model corrosion in acidic solutions is thus necessary to increase asset integrity. A prerequisite for any corrosion model is the accurate knowledge of solution thermodynamics. In this study, a previously developed electrochemical module has been integrated with the Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte (MSE) thermodynamic model. MSE has been previously proven to accurately represent the behavior of solutions, including solubility limits, pH, and transport properties. Here, the accuracy of MSE in predicting speciation in acidic systems is demonstrated. The electrochemical module, which incorporates partial anodic and cathodic reactions, can model active corrosion, active-passive transition, as well as dissolution in the passive state. The model is shown to quantitatively predict the corrosion rates of two duplex stainless steels, i.e., 2507 (UNS S32750) and 255 (UNS S32550) in acid mixtures containing both oxidizing and non-oxidizing acids. The effects of aggressive (fluoride and chloride) and inhibitive (nitrate) species are also accurately predicted. Simulated polarization curves are presented for the mixed acid systems to illustrate the effect of different species on the anodic and cathodic processes.

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Modeling Stress Corrosion Cracking With Explicit 3D Grain Microstructure

Product Number: ED22-17160-SG

Author: Benjamin S Anglin, Thomas W Web

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Type 304 stainless steel (304 SS) in elevated temperature (288 °C) high purity water is typically an intergranular (IG) process with cracks propagating along grain boundaries, which are mesoscopic entities relevant on the grain scale. It follows then that the nature of the grain boundaries plays a significant role in SCC. In fact, for IG SCC to occur three things must be present: 1) stress; 2) a corrosive environment; and 3) susceptible grain boundaries. SCC growth rate (SCCGR) equations for 304SS in high temperature, high purity water, test orientation, temperature, material composition, and sensitization.

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Modeling the Service Life of Corrosion Protection Coatings

Product Number: 51323-19068-SG

Author: M. Gagné

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The life of corrosion protection coating systems very often will not meet the design life of the steel structures they are supposed to protect. Decisions about corrosion protection coating selection are usually focusing on the costs for the initial application, ignoring the certain future maintenance costs. However, repeated maintenance operations, and resulting downtime, can add significantly to the total cost of ownership.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance