AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Microstructural Changes in He Irradiated Zircaloy-4 and Influence On Corrosion Kinetics

Product Number: ED22-18343-SG

Author: Alistair Garner, Alexander Carruthers, Philipp Frankel, Sam Armson, Conor Gillen, Sarah Sherry, Mark Fenwick, Aidan Cole-Baker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The corrosion of Zircaloy-4 under autoclave conditions without the presence of radiation is relatively well understood, with the development of cyclic corrosion kinetics that are well simulated by correlative predictive models (1) (2). Under irradiation in a PWR environment, however, the corrosion kinetics of Sn-containing Zr alloys are severely accelerated and although early corrosion behaviour is unchanged, after an oxide thickness of ~5 μm, accelerations of up to 40 x out-of-pile behaviour are observed (3) (4). Among the likely contributors to this accelerated corrosion are neutron irradiation damage to both the substrate and oxide, gamma irradiation, radiolysis, and hydrogen effects.

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Microstructural Engineering of High Manganese Steels for Hydrogen Storage and Delivery

Product Number: 51323-19453-SG

Author: L. Cho, C. San Marchi, Y. Kong, J.A. Ronevich, P. Kathayat, J.G. Speer, A. Kosberg, K.O. Findley

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stainless steels, e.g. 316 austenitic stainless steel, are commonly used in various hydrogen (H) delivery and storage applications, and the H embrittlement (HE) resistance of these steels is well-established. However, the alloying, particularly nickel (Ni), required to achieve the stable austenitic microstructure drives their relatively high cost and is a potential barrier to broad implementation of extensive infrastructure for the H economy. Figure 1 shows a plot of fracture toughness in H, KIH or KJH, versus yield strength for both austenitic stainless steels and lower alloy ferritic steels.

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Microstructure and corrosion properties of stainless steel synthesized by ball milling method at different times

Product Number: 51323-19442-SG

Author: A. C. Ferrel- Alvarez, B. Martinez, M.L. Cedeño-Vente, D.Narayanan, R. Case, B. Mansoor, H. Castaneda

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stainless steel 316L (316SS) has been widely applied in relevant commercial fields (e.g. chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and manufacturing industries) due to its excellent properties in corrosion and abrasion resistance, antioxidation, and service life. It is considered an austenitic material, non-magnetic, and thermally nonhardenable. The 316SS can be produced via powder by different methods such as: self-combustion, high-temperature synthesis (SHS), electron beam radiation, laser surface melting, plasma spray synthesis, mechanical alloying and casting methods among others.

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Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel.

Product Number: ED22-18491-SG

Author: Karyn Cooper, Stuart Medway, Jennifer Borg

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Additive manufacturing is a term that encompasses a number of technologies that manufacture structures by building material up, layer by layer, and which are attractive due to a number of factors, such as the ability to rapidly produce complex components with controlled microstructures in a single step with reduced post processing requirements. Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technique where a laser continuously melts successive layers of powder material, building up from a horizontal build plate.

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Microstructure Characterization Of Additively Manufactured Alloy 718

Product Number: 51323-19419-SG

Author: Liu Cao, Dian Li, Sydney Fields, Yufeng Zheng

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Alloy UNS N07718 (hereafter abbreviated as 718) is one of the most versatile precipitation-hardened nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) used for both surface and sub-sea components in oil and gas production service. API 6ACRA provides heat treatment windows and acceptance criteria for 718 in these oil and gas production environments, in which the heat treatment is intended to homogenize the microstructure and obtain the correct microstructure for targeting the desired mechanical properties. For fabricating high temperature materials via additive manufacturing (AM), alloy 718 is a primary focus due to its widespread applications in the past 60 years and excellent weldability in either age hardened or annealed condition.

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Microstructure Characterization Of Alloy 600TT Steam Generator Tubing

Product Number: ED22-17239-SG

Author: Amanda Jenks, Chuck Marks, Brent Capell

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper describes the evolution of production standards for Alloy 600 tubing, the historical performance of steam generator tubing, and the results of microstructural analyses of archive and pulled tubing samples from commercial PWRs to address these issues. Alloy 600 is a corrosion-resistant nickel-base alloy that is used in a variety of applications that require good resistance to general corrosion, high strength, and good formability. It has been used extensively for steam generator tubing in commercial nuclear power plants, and this experience led to the use of several different types of Alloy 600 material.

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Micro-Tensile Testing of Chromium Coated Zirconium Cladding

Product Number: ED22-17270-SG

Author: David Frazer, Cameron Howard, Yachun Wang, Daniel Murray, Fei Teng, Colin Judge, Jorie Walters, Benjamin Maier, Allan Jaworski, Jonathan Wright, Luke Olson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

After the Fukushima accident there has been a large push globally for accident tolerant fuels (ATF) to increase the grace period during an accident, that is, the time during which operators may be able to avoid major consequences by undertaking mitigating actions. At Fukushima, the oxidation of the Zircaloy cladding produced hydrogen gas, that contributed to the failure of the primary containment. A concept for ATF is to coat zirconium-based cladding with chromium to inhibit the oxidation of the cladding and reduce hydrogen production.

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Mildew Resistant Coatings for Ethanol Storage Tanks

Product Number: 51323-19329-SG

Author: Erik Dammen-Brower, Tony A Rook

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Mildew growth on commodity storage tanks is not a new issue within the industry and has been seen for years. However, ethanol storage tanks pose an interesting dilemma as the mildew growth on these tanks are especially aggressive and can completely deface the tanks again within months after being cleaned off. Historical knowledge of this mildew growth can be found when looking at distilleries.

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Mineral Wool CUI Mitigation Improvements

Product Number: 51324-20798-SG

Author: Ricky Seto

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Mineral wool has been used for well over half a century as insulation to reduce heat loss, provide personnel protection, and protect against hearing loss. Corrosion under insulation (CUI) has been a major topic of interest as process facilities age and experience issues with corrosion, particularly on pipelines. Efforts have focused on reducing any effect of the insulation material on corrosion – e.g., by reducing chlorides, making the insulation hydrophobic, and recently, by upgrading the hydrophobic performance in terms of high-temperature resistance. The next step is to introduce a proprietary corrosion inhibitor within the mineral wool. If water does make its way to the metal substrate, the inhibitor will activate in contact with water to mitigate corrosion. This paper will present the CUI-mitigating efficacy of mineral wool with an integral corrosion inhibitor using the ASTM C1617 test modified for various chloride concentrations above the standard. The paper also discusses corrosion-inhibiting mechanisms, particularly how such mechanisms can modify the environment around steel substrates to mitigate factors that advance stress corrosion cracking.

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Mitigating Stray Currents in 5G-Connected Metallic Structures: A Comprehensive Solution

Product Number: 51324-20830-SG

Author: Anil Kumar Chikkam; Michael Carone; Mehrooz Zamanzadeh; Aaron Ulmer

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

As the telecommunication industry transitions to the fifth-generation mobile network, commonly known as 5G, the adaptation of this technology presents certain challenges that require careful consideration. While existing wireless communication infrastructures can be utilized for implementing 5G, one notable concern involves the potential for stray currents resulting from the installation of 5G equipment on pre-existing structures, particularly those made of metal. These unintentional stray currents have the potential to cause equipment damage, necessitating the development of a comprehensive solution to mitigate their occurrence. This paper focuses on addressing the issue of stray currents in 5G-connected metallic structures through the proposal of a comprehensive solution. The objective is to provide a preventive measure that ensures reliable and safe operation of 5G equipment without the risk of equipment damage caused by stray currents. The proposed solution aims to be universally applicable to all 5G equipment connections, providing a standardized approach to addressing this concern and facilitating the widespread adoption of 5G technology.

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Mitigation Of Carbon Steel MIC Using THPS Enhanced By A Biofilm Dispersing Peptide In A Flow Loop With An Oilfield Biofilm Consortium

Product Number: 51322-17560-SG

Author: Di Wang, Tuba Unsal,Mazen A. Saleh, Mohammed D. Alotaibi, Magdy E. Mohamed, Sith Kumseranee, Suchada Punpruk, Tingyue Gu

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

MIC is a major threat to oil pipelines because it reduces the service life of pipelines and can potentially leads to catatrophes. Microbial communities commonly associated with pipeline corrosion include sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), acid producing bacteria (APB), acetogenic bacteria and methanogens. In a field environment, SRB, APB and other microbes often live in a synergistic biofilm consortium. Sessile SRB are often the main culprit of MIC. They can utilize sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor and various carbon sources and elemental iron as electron donors. Corrosive APB biofilms are also a contributing factor in an acidic environment because they release H+ which is an oxidant.

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Mitigation of Caustic Corrosion: Alloy and Process Considerations for High Velocity Thermal Spray Cladding

Product Number: MPWT19-14436

Author: Matthew Robert MacWatters and Iain Stuart Hall

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

The use of High-Velocity Thermal Spray (HVTS) technology has been well adopted for sour conditions; particularly where low, or locally low, pH conditions result in corrosion and shell thinning. High alloy systems resistant to low pH or acidic conditions are effective at providing a metallurgical barrier, protecting the underlying substrate from material loss. Moreover, HVTS processes have also been employed for mitigating environmentally induced cracking (EIC) in sour service. This paper discusses the suitability and performance of modified HVTS alloys for service where high pH general corrosion or caustic cracking (CSCC) may occur. Extensive testing has been undertaken in both ambient and high pressure and temperature autoclave conditions to better understand material performance in caustic environments. While Nickel Alloy 200 and Monel 400 may be deemed appropriate based on traditional material selections, thermal spray process considerations in the material deposition and the impact of ancillary elements in the process stream, such as halides, render these alloys unsuitable. More complex Nickel alloy cladding systems are evaluated in this study with suitable material recommendations for remediation without the deleterious heat impact of welding or to protect surfaces where heat affected zones have been created and post weld heat treatment is problematic.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance