AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Modelling of Corrosion Under Insulation in Oil Sands

Product Number: 51323-19209-SG

Author: Andrea Marciales, Martin Huard, Kofi Freeman Adane

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

According to the Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) in Norway, corrosion under insulation (CUI) caused about 50% of all hydrocarbon leaks at onshore plants. In the case of Alberta’s oil sands, CUI has also been observed in thermal operations in above ground assets carrying emulsions, steam, hot water and/or warm water that are externally insulated to ensure safe and energy efficient operations. CUI has also been observed in oil sands mining operations in various piping systems and in tanks and vessels on structural supports and insulated support rings that are frequently in contact with soil or standing groundwater.

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Modelling Of IGSCC With Adaptive Framework

Product Number: ED22-17225-SG

Author: Michal Sedlak Mosesson, Pål Efsing

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IG-SCC) plays an important role as one of the most recognized degradation phenomena in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). SCC is both multi-disciplinary with many parameters that are dependent on each other. This study was based on developing a multi-physics finite element model for IG-SCC prediction in unirradiated structural materials for non-pressure vessel components in NPPs. The environment considered was boiling water reactor (BWR) with normal water chemistry (NWC), containing approx. 200ppb oxidant (O2 + H2O2) and varying aggressive ions Cl-. The model was focused on the slip-oxidation model, where a crack is advancing by anodic dissolution, passivation, and oxide rupture at the crack tip. The rupture of the oxide film is due to the constant stresses applied creating slips in the bulk material which fractures the oxide.

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Modified magnetite surface layers on carbon steel in aqueous CO2 environments

Product Number: 51323-19127-SG

Author: Joshua Owen, Richard Barker, Francois Ropital, Gaurav R. Joshi, Jean Kittel, Robert Jacklin, Danny Burkle, Erlend Straume, Sigrún Nanna Karlsdóttir

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Surface layers often form on carbon steel surfaces in carbon dioxide (CO2) saturated environments and under certain conditions can offer corrosion protection to the underlying steel. One such layer, magnetite (Fe3O4) is a semiconductor, having a reported electrical resistivity of the order of 10-2 to 10-1 Ω∙cm and band gap of 0.1 eV. The conductive properties of Fe3O4 are of significant importance when understanding the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel, as Fe3O4 can readily establish a galvanic couple with the steel surface upon which it has formed.

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Modifying Martensitic Steels to Reduce Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement by Heat Treatment and Mo Addition

Product Number: 51324-20964-SG

Author: Magdalena Eškinja; Gregor Mori; Gerald Winter; Jürgen Klarner; Holger Schnideritsch

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

On a global scale there is a tendency to substitute fossil fuels with cleaner and renewable sources of energy. In recent years, hydrogen appears to be a promising alternative to achieve energy transition. In this context, the new infrastructure for the hydrogen transportation and storage should be considered. Exposure of high-strength steels to hydrogen can result in the deterioration of the mechanical properties by the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). To prevent this phenomenon, pipeline steels can be modified by various means. One of the possible ways is to change the microstructural features by addition of carbide forming elements such as Mo. This paper aims to investigate the role of different Mo content as well as different heat treatment on susceptibility of two martensitic steels to HE. Hydrogen trapping behavior and permeation were investigated by means of electrochemical permeation test and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). Slow Strain Rate Tests (SSRT) of electrochemically charged steels were performed to elucidate mechanical performance. The carbide distribution and microstructure of the steels were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The results implied that change of heat treatment leads to the control of Mo carbides size and dispersion and positively effects on HE susceptibility. Tempered martensitic steels with higher Mo content and modified heat treatment were found to be less susceptible to HE.

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Moisture Management In Thermal Insulations For In-Service And Out Of Service Pipelines

Product Number: 51322-17594-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana, Graham Brigham

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Thermally insulated pipelines have wide networks globally that are used to transport various chemicals, hydrocarbons as well as steam. CUI (corrosion under insulation), external SCC (stress corrosion cracking) and corrosion fatigue are some of the prominent damage mechanisms which may occur on the external surface of insulated pipes/ pipelines that in turn jeopardize the long-term integrity and operations. The moisture is undoubtedly the key contributor behind the above said external degradations of metallic surfaces and can come under thermal insulations via seepage and/ or condensation. Various factors that influence the extent of moisture intrusion are the design of insulated system(s), type and age of insulation, operating temperature of pipeline(s) as well as environmental and neighborhood conditions.

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Molecular Deep Dive Into Oilfield Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: A Detailed Case Study Of MIC Failure Analysis In An Unconventional Asset

Product Number: 51322-17948-SG

Author: David G. Leach, Wei Wang, Chao Yan, Dillon Mattis, Ron MacLeod, Wei Wei

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a key oilfield problem associated with microbial activity, and can be described as the accelerated corrosion of surfaces (usually concrete or iron/steel) by the biological action of naturally present or externally introduced microorganisms. MIC incidents can occur anywhere that a system is exposed to the environment, where microorganisms can enter often via fluid flow and colonize various surfaces for their own growth. MIC is a persistent concern in practically any upstream, midstream, or downstream system where water could be present for microorganism colonization, including topside, subsurface, aerobic (with oxygen), anaerobic (without oxygen), and at extreme temperatures and salinities.

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Monitoring And Controlling Cathodic Protection Without Using Reference Electrode ― Cathodic Production Effectiveness Margin From Multielectrode Sensor

Product Number: 51322-17872-SG

Author: Lietai Yang, Xiaodong Sun

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

There are mainly two commonly adopted criteria for controlling CP. One is the polarized potential criterion and the other one is the polarization shift criterion1. These criteria are not the true criterion for cathodic protection; they are the surrogate criteria (see below). The polarized potential criterion is to control the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential within a specified range. For example, the instant-off potential should be between -0.85 and -1.2 V vs Cu/CuSO₄ (V_CSE) for pipelines buried in soil. The polarization shift criterion is to control the polarization of a CP-protected structure to a given minimum value and this minimum value is usually 100 mV. The polarization is determined either by the difference between the corrosion potential of the structure measured before CP is applied and the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential, or by the difference between the depolarized potential of the structure and the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential.

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Monitoring Localized and General Corrosion using Advanced Electrochemical Sensors

Product Number: 51320-14544-SG

Author: Timothy Duffy, Derek M. Hall, and Serguei, Margaret Ziomek-Moroz

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

In previous years, we have explored the use of electrochemical sensors for humidity and corrosion measurements inside of natural gas pipelines. Designed to operate in systems where a conductive aqueous phase is intermittent or unavailable, these membrane-based sensors utilize electrochemical techniques such as linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine the environment’s corrosivity to the pipeline material. We now aim to explore this sensor’s performance and capabilities in more complex systems, specifically in environments that promote localized corrosion. Using the aforementioned electrochemical techniques, along with electrochemical noise and cyclic voltammetry, we probe and monitor localized corrosion and general corrosion of X65 steel in the presence of inorganic pitting agents. Experiments are conducted in both aqueous and nonaqueous environments. The additional functionality increases the quantity and quality of corrosion data from these sensors, offering to internal corrosion-monitoring programs a more complete picture of real-time corrosion within their natural gas pipelines.

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Monitoring Localized Corrosion Distribution Of Steel Bar In Concrete With OFDR Distributed Optical Fiber

Product Number: 51322-17777-SG

Author: Fujian Tang, Jialiang Hu, Hong-Nan Li, Liang Ren, Els Verstrynge

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Steel rebars in concrete structures are usually protected from corrosion by a thin layer of passive film, which is formed due to the high alkalinity of concrete pore solution.^1-2 However, this protective passive film could be damaged by penetration of chloride into concrete structures in marine environments or exposure to the use of de-icing salt for the removal of snow and ice in winter times.³ Penetration of chloride would impair the passive film locally and initiate pitting corrosion.

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Monitoring Oxygen Induced Corrosion in Deaerated Water Injection Systems Using Corrosion Coupons and Galvanic Probes

Product Number: 51324-21228-SG

Author: Moavin Islam

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

It is expected that carbon steel components in deaerated water such as in effluent water injection systems would have very low corrosion rates. The dissolved O2 content is such systems is typically below 40 ppb (parts per billion). However, slight ingress of O2 in the system through leaks in pumps, valves or gaskets can cause a dramatic increase in the corrosion rate of carbon steel which can be monitored with corrosion coupons and galvanic probes. It has been found that the corrosion morphology of such types of oxygen induced corrosion have quite unique characteristics. The present paper will provide some field results which will show the type of corrosion damage and morphology observed on coupons from an effluent water injection system. Data will also be presented to show how galvanic probes can be effectively used to detect and monitor oxygen ingress into the system during operation.

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Monitoring Strategies for Effective AC Mitigation Integrity Management

Product Number: 51323-18885-SG

Author: Jamey Hilleary

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion risk due to AC interference has been known to be a possibility for decades but really came to the awareness of pipeline industry professionals starting around 2000 to 2004. Prior to that time there were some lab simulations as well as some suspected incidents in actual field situations, but many in the industry resisted accepting this as a real risk even as late as 2012 or later. Part of the reluctance to view AC interference as a genuine corrosion risk was that corrosion directly attributed to AC interference had not really been seen in the century of buried pipeline management, as well as a lack of understanding as to how this interference produced or accelerated corrosion on the pipeline.

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Multi-Functional New Coating System For Extending The Life Time Of Onshore And Offshore Infrastructure

Product Number: 51321-16731-SG

Author: Kaveh Sarikhani

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance