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Multilayer Anticorrosion Systems for Offshore Wind Turbines

Product Number: 51324-20840-SG

Author: Adamantini Loukodimou; Dimitrios Statharas; David Weston; Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Offshore wind turbines are subjected to a harsh marine environment, which can cause detrimental problems to them due to corrosion, if not protected properly. Offshore wind energy is considered to play an important role in the net zero emissions by 2050, as set in Paris Agreement [1], contributing to environmental protection and sustainability. Thus, the long-term corrosion protection and life expansion of these offshore structures is of high importance. In this work, the formation of microcapsules, loaded with corrosion inhibitor liquid is presented. More specifically the microcapsules consist of polystyrene shell-an inert material- and 3-octanoylthio-1-propyltriethoxysilane core with a mean diameter of around 80µm. Silanes are used as corrosion inhibitors due to their chemistry, which offers protection to the underlying substrate [2, 3]. The incorporation of the microcapsules in a commercially available paint and their anticorrosion performance was tested in salt spray chamber and in real marine environment. Hence, this work highlights the performance of the microcapsules, which can offer corrosion solution to offshore wind turbines when used as part of a coating system. EDX analysis of the exposed samples lead to conclusions regarding these systems, contributing to the existing literature.

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Multi-Modal Characterization of Aggregates in Concrete via EDS and Raman Imaging

Product Number: ED22-17288-SG

Author: Krishna C. Polavaram, Elena Tajuelo Rodriguez, Amani Cheniour, Yann Le Pape, Nishant Garg

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The potential extension of the lifetime of nuclear power plants has cultivated an interest in the long-term aging behaviour of materials such as concrete. Since concrete is a complex material and its properties evolve with time, the effect of prolonged radiation exposure is of high interest and needs to be understood. Cracking and radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE)(Le Pape et al., 2020) of the mineral components in aggregates occur as a result of neutron radiation and depends on several factors including the chemical nature and mineralogical characteristics of the aggregates such as composition, crystallinity, grain size, and phase distribution.

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Multi-Parameter Optical Fiber Sensor For Simultaneous Corrosion And Humidity Monitoring

Product Number: 51321-16909-SG

Author: Ruishu F. Wright; Nathan Diemler; John Baltrus; Ping Lu; Margaret Ziomek-Moroz; Michael Buric; Paul R. Ohodnicki, Jr

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Multitask Learning Framework For Screening Of Corrosion Inhibitors For Mild Steel

Product Number: 51322-17757-SG

Author: Abhishek Agarwal, Pradeep Rathore, Dharmendr Kumar, Sri Harsha Nistala, S Sanjana, Vinay Jain, Beena Rai

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion of metallic structures is a ubiquitous problem in industries such as power generation, oil and gas, pulp and paper, metals processing etc. which also results in significant financial losses. According to the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) International report, the global cost of corrosion was ~ 2.5 trillion USD in 2013 - close to 3.4 percent GDP of the entire world. The use of corrosion inhibitors is one of the most effective and economical ways to mitigate corrosion of metal and alloy components. Corrosion inhibitors are substances that are added in small quantities in corrosive media to protect metal and alloy components from corrosion.

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Myth-Busting Part 2: Comparing Accelerated Exposure Performance between Bio-Based and Petroleum-Based Hardeners

Product Number: 51324-21096-SG

Author: Daniel Wang

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

As sustainability continues to be an industry driver for innovation, bio-based raw materials for organic coatings give formulators the option to create a more sustainable product. However, a common myth is that bio-based materials perform worse than their petroleum-based counterparts. This paper is a follow-up to the work shown at AMPP 2023 with accelerated weathering and corrosion results for multiple systems crosslinked with either a petroleum-based or bio-based hardener. With these results, the hope is to improve the industry’s perspective on bio-based raw materials and dispel any myths that associate sustainable solutions with lower performance. In addition, this paper serves as an example on how raw material suppliers can help paint manufacturers achieve their sustainability initiatives through the offerings of bio-based alternatives.

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Myth-Busting: Proving that Bio-Based Raw Materials can replace Petroleum-Based Products

Product Number: 51323-19331-SG

Author: Daniel Wang

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

With growing concerns of climate change and carbon footprint, many companies and industries are
looking into ways to reduce their impact on the environment. For the coatings industry, this can be
achieved by tackling a multitude of different sources that contribute to climate change such as energy
consumption, solvent emissions, and more. Recently, there have been more discussions on bio-based
raw materials and their contribution to meeting sustainability goals set by both resin and paint
manufacturers.

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Nanolaminar Nickel-Cobalt Coatings: a Revolution in Wear and Corrosion Resistance

Product Number: 51324-20660-SG

Author: Marie Li; Herman E Amaya; Steve Brunst

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In the demanding environments of the oil and gas industry, the need for superior protective coatings is paramount. This paper explores electrodeposited nanolaminar Nickel-Cobalt (Ni-Co) coatings as a robust solution. Distinguished from traditional offerings, these coatings provide enhanced hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion protection. These qualities make Ni-Co coatings ideal for rigorous applications, including downhole tools, deep-sea equipment, and chemical processing apparatus. Our investigation underlines the crucial role of the unique nanostructure, obtained via specialized electrodeposition techniques, in augmenting the coating properties. The paper also establishes a comparison between Ni-Co coatings and Zinc-Nickel coatings, drawing attention to their distinctive use cases in the industry. While Zinc-Nickel coatings excel in atmospheric or offshore corrosion protection, Ni-Co coatings outperform in more demanding environments requiring stronger mechanical properties and specific corrosive resistance. Characterizing data supporting the exceptional performance of Ni-Co coatings will be presented. By delineating these advancements, the paper underscores the potential of nanostructured Ni-Co coatings to transform equipment protection strategies in the oil and gas sector.

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Nanoscale Characterization of the Oxide Formed on a Neutron-Irradiated Zr-2.5Nb Alloy in High Temperature Water

Product Number: ED22-18364-SG

Author: S.Adil, M. Topping, K. Daub, S.Y. Persaud, M.R. Daymond

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The interaction of metals and alloys with aqueous environments is ubiquitous, leading to oxide formation (passivity) or corrosion in many cases. Although these phenomena have significant importance across various industries and domains of materials science, the fundamental atomic-scale mechanisms by which corrosion and oxide formation operate are still unclear. Oxide films can have complex chemistry and texture, especially at the metal-oxide interface which acts as the primary barrier from solution interaction. The Zr-H2O system has industrial and academic interest due to its use in nuclear reactors.

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Nanotechnology-Based Detection Method for Speciation and Differentiation of Phosphonate Scale Inhibitors

Product Number: 51320-14913-SG

Author: Sankaran Murugesan, Haiping Lu, Zhengwei Liu, Stephen Heath

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The accurate and precise analysis of scale inhibitors plays an important role in making key decisions on the efficiency of scale squeeze and continuous-chemical injection treatments. At present, several techniques exist for scale inhibitor analysis, but each method has its own limitations and tedious analysis process. In addition, these methods often give results of either total chemical content or elemental analysis without details of chemical speciation. Especially for phosphonate scale inhibitors, it is well known that there is no analytical methods available on the market to differentiate different species of phosphonate inhibitors, which impedes the applications of different types of phosphonate inhibitors on the scale treatment. There was therefore a need for a next-generation method for phosphonate analysis. An experimental methodology has been developed based upon the use of gold nanoparticles to enhance chemical signatures of scale inhibitors in brines using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). This methodology enables speciation and measurement at low concentrations in the range of 1 to 100 mg/L (ppm). This study used two different phosphonate-type scale inhibitors, and initial laboratory results prove that this novel technology can help to differentiate between two different phosphonate-based chemicals.

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Nanotechnology-Based Field Method for Detection and Monitoring of Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51320-14825-SG

Author: Sankaran Murugesan, Zhengwei Liu, Prasad Dhulipala, Sunder Ramachandran

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Accurate and precise monitoring of corrosion inhibitors in oilfield brine, an important aspect of corrosion control in oil and gas operations, is also a practice recommended by NACE International guidelines. Many operators require residual concentrations of corrosion inhibitors to monitor chemical deliverability at specific locations in a production system. The residual measurement provides the ability to troubleshoot factors affecting chemical deliverability. However, residual measurements are notoriously problematic because of the surface-active nature of corrosion inhibitors. Residual measurement errors can often exceed 100 percent. Consequently, a need exists for methods that are precise and accurately detect a wider range of corrosion inhibitor molecules. These methods must also be viable in corrosive oilfield environments where corrosion inhibitors are at low concentrations. Furthermore, the methods must be portable, enabling field analysis of residual chemicals in collected samples. Field-based detection methods can reduce the amount of time required to obtain data useful for corrosion control and reduce delays associated in shipping samples to centralized laboratories.

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Naphthenic Acid Corrosion And Sulfidic Corrosion In Crude Oil Fractions

Product Number: 51322-17533-SG

Author: Yuhchae Yoon, Hui Li, Kwei Meng Yap

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the petroleum industry, much greater attention has been focused on more highly sour and acidic oil resources due to the gradual depletion of conventional sweet oil resources. In addition, reducing crude oil costs have forced to look for opportunity (alternate) crudes, usually low-quality corrosive crude oils with high concentrations of naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds.1 The main constituents in the crude that cause corrosion are sulfur compounds, organic and inorganic chlorides, salt water, organic and inorganic acids. Processing of these highly acidic and sulfur-containing crudes at high temperatures in refineries has promoted significant corrosion problem in hot oil distillation units and associated piping systems.

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Naturally Buffered Iron Chloride Containing Solutions for SSC Tests of Low Alloy Steels

Product Number: 51324-20732-SG

Author: Florian Thebault; Hervé Marchebois

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Addition of controlled quantity of iron (II) chloride (FeCl2) in a test solution allows a tight control of the pH of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) tests for low alloy steels. The natural buffering capacity is a consequence of the precipitation of iron sulfide corrosion products at a very early stage during the corrosion test. This work shows that FeCl2 can efficiently replace acetic acid for pH buffering of the SSC tests. NACE TM0177 Method A and D tests have been performed and showed similar environmental severity for SSC compared to standardized test solutions at a given pH. Thanks to a reduction of the corrosion rate in FeCl2 containing environments, which limits the increase of the applied stress during the test, the environmental severity appears to be fairly evaluated. Iron sulfide scale characterization and failure observations support the conclusion that FeCl2 containing solutions do not modify the SSC corrosion mechanism. This alternative test solution is well adapted to the determination of threshold pH for SSC.

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Association for Materials Protection and Performance