AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

Available for download

Methods for Construction of Pitting Engineering Diagrams of Stainless Steels Used for Water Systems

Product Number: 51323-19246-SG

Author: Sukanya Hägg Mameng, Lena Wegrelius, Björn Helmersson

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stainless steel is one of the most resistant materials to chloride environments and is an important material for water applications. Selecting a suitable stainless steel grade for water applications requires information about the performance of the candidate stainless steel grades. The limiting conditions for the pitting resistance of stainless steel depend mainly on the alloying composition of the steel and the surrounding environment.

Available for download

Methods to Assess Carburization Damage and Remaining Life in Fired Heater Tubes

Product Number: 51323-18771-SG

Author: Jeff Goldstein

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Fired heaters in coking service are susceptible to carburization damage, which needs to be predicted and managed to prevent unexpected downtime and expedited replacement costs. Carburization damage occurs when carbonaceous material, i.e., coke, is deposited on a steel surface and exposed to high metal temperatures; such are the internal conditions present in fired heater tubes in coking services. At these high temperatures, the carbon diffuses into the steel microstructure and increases the hardness while reducing ductility. At an advanced state, this reduction in ductility may lead to tube failure if a mechanical or thermal shock is applied. The diffusion of carbon can also cause the formation of deleterious chromium carbides in the steel microstructure, reducing the high temperature corrosion resistance in those areas.

Available for download

MIC Risk Assessment of Sea Water Injection Systems: the Genome Centric Approaches

Product Number: 51324-20699-SG

Author: Nazima Habibi; Saif Uddin; Nasreem Abdul Razzack; Abdul Hameed Al-Hashem; Moavin Islam

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Microorganisms are a nuisance in water injection systems. Dense bacterial growth within the pipelines is the originator of reservoir souring, biofouling, biocorrosion and biodegradation of the infrastructure, resulting in huge expenses on the operational and capital costs. Molecular methods are superior tools for identifying microbial populations in the system and mapping the threat level. qPCR is a technology that allows us to quantify the absolute concentration of different bacterial and archaeal groups present in samples collected in the field. This analysis can be done on-site or in-laboratory. Another technology called next-generation sequencing (NGS), can dig deep into the interesting samples to determine the identity and relative populations of specific bacteria and archaea down to the genus or species level that are present. However, both of these techniques cannot differentiate between viable and non-viable communities. Recently RNA based estimations have been observed as a method to quantify the living microbial communities. Coupling RT-PCR, qPCR and NGS together gives a complete picture of what is happening and thus opens avenues for more effective monitoring and treatment.

Available for download

Micellization And Inhibition Efficiency

Product Number: 51321-16872-SG

Author: Yi He; Shuai Ren; Zined Belarbi; Xi Wang; David Young; Marc Singer; Maalek Mohamed-Said

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

Microbial and Compositional Analyses of Crude Pipeline Samples

Product Number: MECC23-20101-SG

Author: Fawziah S. Alajmi

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) has been an emerging concern in the oil and gas industry. Pipeline networks of different services, such as sour crude, sweet crude, water, and gas are subjected to various corrosion types, including MIC from microbial activities present within these systems. Such microbial activities can hinder the pipeline integrity and lead to metal deterioration.

Available for download

Microbial Corrosion Diagnosis Using Molecular Microbiology Methods: Case Studies

Product Number: MPWT19-14427

Author: Xiangyang Zhu, Abdullah H. Wadei

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the leading causes of equipment and pipeline failure in oil and gas industries. Cost-effective MIC management requires routine monitoring of microbial activities, periodic assessment of microbial risks in various operational systems, and accurate diagnosis of MIC failure. Traditionally, MIC diagnosis has been dependent on cultivation-based methods by inoculating liquid samples containing live bacteria into selective growth media, followed by incubation at a certain temperature for a pre-determined period of time. The conventional culturing techniques have been reported to severely underestimate the size of the microbial populations related to metal corrosion, among many inherited weaknesses of these techniques. As a result, accurate diagnosis of MIC failure is challenging because the conventional techniques often fail to provide a critical piece of evidence required for a firm diagnosis, i.e., the presence of corrosion-causing microorganisms in the failed metal samples. In this paper, we described applications of molecular microbiology methods in diagnosing MIC in a crude oil pipeline and crude processing facility. Molecular microbial analyses have provided a solid piece of evidence to firmly diagnose the MIC in a crude oil flow line, a stagnant bypass spool, and a global valve bypass pipe. The presence of a high number of corrosion-related microorganisms in upstream pipelines poses a high risk to downstream crude processing facilities for microbial contamination and corrosion failure in these facilities. An effective MIC management program should include routine monitoring of microbial activities and risk assessment, and effective mitigation program, such as scraping and biocide treatments.

Available for download

Microbiological Profile and Risk Exposures in Topside Production Systems of FPSOs in West Africa

Product Number: 51322-18017-SG

Author: Kingsley Oparaodu, Ibiba Braide

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The incidence and proliferation of microbial population in oil and gas production facilities can have undesirable consequences on upstream, midstream and downstream production systems. Microbes thrive in the anaerobic conditions encountered in these systems and are supported by nutrients and metabolites found in produced water. Although the majority of process and water injection systems are susceptible to microbial fouling, the development of microbial activity is exacerbated by specific conditions such as stagnant fluids or the presence of deposits.¹ Threats of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and other challenges associated with microorganisms have become valid as more cases are reported. While MIC, biofouling (BF), and reservoir souring are three of the most common problems associated with microbes, many other production issues can be attributable to microbial activity including: employee infections, filter plugging, loss of injectivity, and metal sulfide deposits.²

Available for download

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion by General Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Oil & Gas Separators

Product Number: 51320-14365-SG

Author: Amer Jarragh, Saleh Al-Sulaiman, Yousef Khuraibut, Hasan Bu Taleb, Dr. Ali Moosavi

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

By far, the microbiological species most associated with corrosion has been Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB). Majority of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) research has focused on the activities of this type of bacteria. One of the primary reasons for this has been the presence of iron sulfides in corrosion products associated with MIC. SRB reduce sulfates to sulfides, which then react with iron and steel. However, an accepted fact is that MIC is also caused by the action of the biofilm produced by bacteria, in a similar way to under-deposit corrosion.

The primary method used to prevent MIC in the oil and gas industry is by use of biocides. The criteria used for selection of biocides is often their proficiency to kill SRB. The danger with this is that one can neglect the ability of other bacteria frequently found in oil and gas environment, such as general aerobes and general anaerobes to cause corrosion by biofilm production. This became evident when severe general & pitting corrosion was observed in two oil and gas separators in one of the facilities in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), where SRB levels were zero but significant numbers of sessile and planktonic general aerobes and general anaerobes were found to be present in the process.

Using microbiological and chemical analysis, the mechanism of this type of MIC, specially the relationship between the quantity of various biofilm-forming bacteria and nature and magnitude of corrosion has been studied and the findings are presented in this paper.

Available for download

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Failure Of Ni-Coated Carbon Steel Fittings In Enhanced Oil Recovery Water Injection Service

Product Number: 51322-17793-SG

Author: Moavin Islam, Amal Al-Borno, Chad Walz

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper presents the findings of an investigation that was carried out to determine the root cause of the premature failure of Ni-coated carbon steel fittings on the water injection composite piping system installed at an oil production facility in Western Canada. The facility had been in operation since 2011 without major corrosion issues. Many of the Ni-coated fittings, which are expected to have a service life of 20 years, started to fail (developed leaks) unexpectedly after about 4 years. The core structure of composite pipe is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) inner pipe, a middle layer of high-strength dry fiberglass, and a protective thermoplastic outer jacket. The interconnecting fittings are made of carbon steel coated with a thin, ~40 micron (1.5 mil) layer of Nickel.

Available for download

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion In Drinking Water Pipelines – Old Deposits Or Active Process?

Product Number: 51322-18068-SG

Author: Elsemiek Croese, Eelco Trietsch, Jentina Schuurman, Sabine Doddema

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the Netherlands, a large drinking water distribution system exists which composes of a complex network of underground pipes owned by several water companies. Part of the drinking water distributions pipes consist of cast iron pipes of which some have been installed more than 80 years ago.¹ To prevent leaks, it is desirable to have insight into the condition of these pipes and the risk of leakages or even pipe bursts. During local replacements and maintenance work, corrosion is regularly found in the pipes and previous research⁷ has indicated that Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) may be involved in this corrosion that is found in the pipes.

Available for download

Microstructural And Corrosion Studies Of Super-Duplex Stainless Steels Produced Via Additive Manufacturing

Product Number: 51321-16990-SG

Author: Nuria Fuertes; Nikhil Dixit; Sara Munktell; Anna Delblanc; Peter Harlin; James Shipley; Fredrik Falkenberg; Rachel Pettersson

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

Microstructural And Transport Properties Changes In Blended Cement Concrete Resulting From DC Treatments

Product Number: 51323-19124-SG

Author: Milan Kouril, Vojtech Hybasek, Matej Reiser, Sarka Msallamova, Ivona Sedlarova, Jiri Nemecek

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The direct current electrical treatments are applied with the aim of improving corrosion resistance of steel embedded in concrete. It is the impressed current cathodic protection in both widely used modes – preventive or remedial, electrochemical chloride extraction, realkalization of carbonated concrete and electrochemical injection of protective agents. All the treatments are similar to each other in its principle and arrangement.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance