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Corrosion Investigations of Copper Alloys and Cast Stainless Steel Used for Drinking Water Applications

Product Number: 51324-20723-SG

Author: Luca Blanka Boncz; Jens Lykke Sørensen; Lotte Holmegaard; Morten Stendahl Jellesen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Brass alloys are considered corrosion-resistant in potable water. However, chloride, disinfectants, and high flow rates were reported to weaken pipes, leading to leaks and damage. The degradation of copper alloys causes concern as metal ion release may affect water taste and human health in high concentrations. Therefore, materials with improved flow corrosion properties and increased corrosion resistance are needed. Failure investigations were performed on C52100 brass domestic water flowmeters by visual inspection, microstructural analysis with scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The failure is mostly initiated by high local flow rates causing erosion corrosion attacks with dezincification. The corrosion behavior of C52100 (phosphor bronze), C89520 (Se-Bi brass), and S31600 (stainless steel) was investigated and compared to C27453 (brass) in drinking water with varying contents of chloride, ammonia, and chlorine by potentiodynamic polarization curves and long-term immersion tests. Furthermore, flowmeters (made of C27453 and C89520) were installed in a flow test setup to investigate flow induced conditions in a laboratory environment with aggressive drinking water. Immersion tests, flow tests, and potentiodynamic investigations show that brass corrodes at a higher rate than bronze, Se-Bi brass, and stainless steel in such environments.

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Corrosion Issues In Sweet And Sour Oil & Gas Wells

Product Number: 51322-18150-SG

Author: Janardhan Rao Saithala, Amjad Kharusi, Boris Thomas, Al Toqi Hamood, Mohammed Ghafri, Muatasam Aulaqi, Manal Al Badwawi, Talal Nabhani, Nasser Behlani

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The unstable oil market demand in the petroleum industry, the oil financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic have pushed the Oil and Gas operators to look for optimized, cost effective and more reliable strategies of design and operation. Large part of CAPEX is invested in the well materials. Hence, materials of Oil and Gas wells should be selected to withstand both internal and external threats to ensure integrity and availability while maintaining on focus on affordability over the lifecycle.¹

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Corrosion issues in the conversion of vegetable and waste oils to produce biofuels

Product Number: 51323-19308-SG

Author: Fouad Andari, Jean Kittel, François Ropital, Joana Fernandes, Laure Dodelin

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

To limit the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change, the use of conventional hydrocarbons needs to be reduced significantly. The global demand for biofuels is thus expected to grow during the present decade. Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is one of the predominant biofuels produced by converting lipidic feedstocks (vegetable oils, animal fats, waste cooking oils, …) through a conventional refinery hydrotreatment (HDT) process.

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Corrosion Management for Offshore Wet Sour Gas Carbon Steel Pipeline with Closed Loop MEG Regeneration System

Product Number: 51323-18996-SG

Author: Chun Ho, Leow, Cheng Ai, Khoo, Hock Guan, Ong

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Project A is being developed by the company with two fields about 220 km distance from Bintulu, Sarawak. The fields are classified as sour with estimated H2S concentration up to 5,000 ppm and 3.8 mol% CO2. The two fields are mainly Field A1 and Field A2 with approximately 20km apart. Field A1 will have two dry xmas trees, drilled from the Platform A while Field A2 will be developed with 2 subsea wells and supporting subsea infrastructures.

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Corrosion Management Improvements in Liquids-Rich Shale Play - Pipeline Internal Corrosion Mitigation Case Studies

Product Number: 51324-20990-SG

Author: Monica Fernandez; Chris Jeske; Robert Terry; Ruben Carrera

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper details the process followed to enhance the pipeline internal corrosion management during operational stage in a liquids-rich shale play, focusing on pipeline internal corrosion mitigation. The process involves several key steps, encompassing a thorough review of historical data (operational conditions, fluid chemistry, corrosion coupons, chemical treatments, pigging activities, inspection results, among others), meticulous data analysis, strategic scheduling, implementation of short-term, mid-term, and long-term actions, followed by periodic monitoring to evaluate barrier performance in conjunction with an inspection plan to confirm asset integrity and optimize resource utilization. The improvements have considered industry best practices, know-how, lessons learned, valuable insights gained from past failures, challenges encountered within upstream operations for corrosion and integrity activities execution, and the actions taken to overcome them.

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Corrosion Management Learnings For Atmospheric Storage Tanks

Product Number: 51322-17951-SG

Author: Gulnur Badalova, Mikael Johansson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The terminal is subdivided for Oil, Gas and Produced Water plants. Each of these plants has number of storage tanks. The age of the tanks varies between 15-25 years. The products held within these tanks varies, from crude oil, condensate, produced water, potable water, to off spec oil and diesel fuel.

Most of the tanks within the facility have a similar CP arrangement and design. Each tank base is protected by an impressed current grid mesh anode buried in compacted, clean, sand backfill beneath the tank base and is powered by a transformer-rectifier placed outside the bund wall or within an electrical switch room. Permanent reference electrodes are installed beneath all tank bases to enable accurate potential measurements. Reference electrodes vary from Copper/Copper Sulphate, Silver/Silver Chloride to Zinc.

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Corrosion Management Review of Sour Gas Pipeline – A Case Study

Product Number: 51323-18855-SG

Author: Muntathir M. Al-Jumaah, Faisal M. Al-Mutahhar, Muhammad A. Sherwani

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper reviews the corrosion management for a critical sour gas pipeline operated by Saudi Aramco. The 38-inch diameter pipeline transports untreated sour gas from Crude Processing Facility (CPF) to downstream Gas Plant and spans a total distance of 145 km. To prevent internal corrosion inside the pipeline, the wet sour gas is dehydrated using Tri-Ethylene Glycol (TEG) unit.

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Corrosion Mechanisms Of Mild Steel In The Presence Of Formic And Acetic Acids

Product Number: 51322-17944-SG

Author: Sahithi Ayyagari, Maryam Eslami, Bruce Brown, Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion is a surface phenomenon, which is defined as the deterioration of a material due to chemical and/ or electrochemical reactions. The continued interest in understanding corrosion phenomena and devising mitigation methods stems from the potential influence corrosion has on infrastructural damage across diverse industries. The most prevalent forms of corrosion encountered in the oil and gas industry are referred to as sweet and sour, corresponding to aqueous CO₂ and H₂S environments, respectively. The presence of an aqueous phase in these environments leads to the formation of a weak acid which is understood to be detrimental to the service life of carbon steel pipelines, when not properly mitigated.

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Corrosion Monitoring System in the Port of Miami Tunnel

Product Number: 51324-21171-SG

Author: Adrian Steele; Samanbar Permeh; Kingsley Lau

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The design of the PortMiami Tunnel (PMT) utilizes segmental reinforced concrete lining panels. Early corrosion initiation is expected to be mitigated by the specification of low permeability ternary-blend concrete and minimum three-inch clear cover, but there is uncertainty in the long-term corrosion and materials durability (particularly considering its ambitious 150 year design life) and uncertainty of the extent of possible loss of concrete integrity of the structure at extended times. Therefore, interest lies in continual long term corrosion monitoring of the tunnel panels. The objectives of this testing program are to provide information on the panels that may indicate possible early corrosion development in key areas of the tunnel and to provide field data to supplement laboratory testing to provide recommendations for best practices addressing corrosion prevention and mitigation for submerged structures. The findings from corrosion monitoring for over 10 years of service are presented.

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Corrosion Of 2Cr Steel In Supercritical CO2 Saturated Saline Water With Cl, S and Br Anions

Product Number: 51323-19014-SG

Author: Benjamin Taylor, Yimin Zeng, Haofei Sun, Jing Liu

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Before full decarburization can be achieved, the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) suggests an applicable way of combining CO2-producing processes with the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. Except for permanent CO2 storage, the economics and efficiency of CCUS processes can be further improved by utilizing the CO2 byproduct in other industry areas. One of the promising methods is to use the captured CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

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Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 304L in Chloride Solution

Product Number: 51324-21159-SG

Author: Leila Saberi; Mehdi Amiri

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Although there have been major strides in understanding the influence of additively manufacturing (AM) on mechanical properties such as tensile and fatigue, the understanding of the corrosion performance of AM-produced metals and alloys remains in its infancy. The corrosion performance and mechanical properties of AM metals are significantly influenced by their unique microstructural features that are highly dependent on the build parameters. These features include surface roughness, porosity, grain directionality, residual stresses, oxides, atypical inclusions, and sub-structures, to name a few. Such microstructural/defect features are distinct in comparison with those of cast or wrought alloys and span many orders of magnitude in length scale. Consequently, AM plays a significant role in corrosion performance. In this paper, the corrosion of additively manufactured stainless steel 304L (AM SS304L) in 5% NaCl solution is studied. The purpose of this research is to understand the correlation between microstructural/defect features and corrosion properties. The effects of surface roughness, surface porosity, and build orientation on corrosion and pitting potentials are investigated. All these features show significant impacts on corrosion performance of AM SS304L. Detailed microstructural and elemental analyses are performed to further understand the interrelation between microstructural/defect features and corrosion properties.

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Corrosion of Candidate BoP Alloys for the Hydrogen Side in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Product Number: 51324-21036-SG

Author: Morten Tjelta; Jon Kvarekvål

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents corrosion test results of candidate alloys for balance-of-plant (BoP) at the hydrogen side in alkaline water electrolyzers. Experiments were carried out at industrially relevant conditions, i.e. 60-80 °C in 25 wt% KOH solutions at H2 pressures ranging from 1 bar (cf. atmospheric units) to 15 bar (cf. pressurized units). Materials tested were nickel base alloy UNS N06625, austenitic stainless steel UNS S31603, super duplex UNS S327X0 and carbon steel UNS K03014. Mass loss corrosion and localized corrosion based on surface profilometry were used to evaluate materials performance. Corrosion scales were characterized using XRD.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance