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Corrosion of Cr-Alloyed Steels in Supercritical CO2-Saturated Brine Water

Product Number: 51324-20809-SG

Author: Alexander Gross; Haofei Sun; Jing Liu

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In the context of urgent efforts to reduce global carbon emissions, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has gained prominence. Tubing and casing steels are vital materials of construction (MOC) in CCUS systems, especially in supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) environments. However, the understanding of the corrosion behavior of these steels under s-CO2 conditions is limited, which presents integrity challenges. Immersion experiments were conducted with steels containing varying chromium (Cr) levels (0.5 wt% to 16.5 wt%), including P110, P91, and SS 316. These steels were exposed to s-CO2-saturated brine water (3.5 wt% NaCl) at 50 °C and 10 MPa for durations of 10 and 100 hours. Corrosion rates were determined via weight loss measurements, and corrosion products were analyzed with SEM and XRD. P110 displayed the highest corrosion rates (15.7 mm/y at 10 hours, 2.9 mm/y at 100 hours) but developed a thick FeCO3 layer after 100 hours. In contrast, P91 and SS 316 exhibited lower corrosion rates after 100 hours (0.04 mm/y and < 0.01 mm/y, respectively). The influence of Cr content and exposure duration on the corrosion behavior of these steels were discussed. All steels exhibited decreasing corrosion rates over time, primarily due to oxide formation, enhancing the understanding of casing and tubing steel corrosion in s-CO2 environments.

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Corrosion Of Gathering Pipelines In Oil And Gas Field And Its Mitigation Measures In China

Product Number: 51322-17741-SG

Author: Anqing Fu, Juntao Yuan, Zihan Chen, Xuanpeng Li, Naixin Lv, Wensheng Li, Lei Fan, Houbu Li

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The exploration and development of oil and gas resources towards the direction of ultra-deep, low permeability, and unconventional in China. In addition, some oil and gas fields have developed into the middle or late stage, the application of various EOR technologies, such as acid fracturing, CO₂ flooding, air foam flooding and polymer flooding, resulting in the service environment of oil and gas gathering pipelines becoming more and more complex and harsh, such as high temperature, high pressure, high H₂S/CO₂, Cl^- and bacteria, corrosion failures became one of the biggest challenges of oil and gas gathering pipelines.

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Corrosion Of Mild Steel In Concentrated Monoethylene Glycol (MEG)

Product Number: 51321-16701-SG

Author: Marion Seiersten

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

The thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor MEG is a robust choice for long distance gas-condensate tie-backs operating at low temperature. The possibility to regenerate and recycle the MEG enables cost effective operation with low discharges. The choice of regeneration process depends on the salt content of the produced water.

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Corrosion Of Nickle Based Alloy In Batch-Mode Biomass Supercritical Water Gasification(SCWG) System

Product Number: 51322-18030-SG

Author: Haoyang Li, Xue Han, Kaiyang Li, Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng, Chunbao (Charles) Xu

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising thermochemical conversion technology in which supercritical water is used as the medium to convert different types of wet biomass (such as wastewater sludge, food waste or microalgae) and even crude bio-oils into hydrogenrich syngas without the need of costive pre-drying process.¹ During typical SCWG conversion at temperature and pressure above the critical point of water (i.e., 374℃ and 22.1 MPa), alkali metal/metal oxide catalysts, carbon-based catalysts and Ni- or Fe-based catalysts are introduced to significantly improve the conversion efficiency on H₂ production.²

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Corrosion of Pipelines in a Crude Oil Storage Facility

Product Number: 51323-19554-SG

Author: Václav Šefl, Tomas Prosek, Pavel Taraba

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In the literature, corrosion problems associated with crude oil are often categorized into several classes, based on the type of equipment and “distance” from a well. The upstream operations (drilling, pumping) transport crude oil mixed with significant amounts of water and gasses, midstream operations (transport and storage before refining) deals with much drier crude with most of the water and gasses removed and upstream corrosion problems are mostly caused by chemical composition of given specific fraction and high temperature. Corrosion problems in midstream operations are usually not as severe as during drilling and initial transport, however, this step is significantly longer.

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Corrosion of Proton Irradiated 309L Stainless Steel Claddings Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition

Product Number: 51323-18937-SG

$20.00

The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is one of the most vital components to nuclear reactor operation. RPVs are made from forged low alloy steel and then typically clad on the inside with austenitic stainless steel (SS) to protect from corrosion. Traditionally, RPV claddings are applied with gas tungsten arc welding or submerged arc welding, though these arc welding processes require the use of a high heat input to achieve this dissimilar metal bond. The high heat input leads to excess residual stress, a large heat-affected zone, and deleterious phase formation, including sigma phase, sulfides, carbides, and martensite at the dissimilar metal boundary.

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Corrosion of Stainless Steel Alloys in Fresh Water Simulating Condensed Water in Contact with Supercritical CO2- An Electrochemical Study

Product Number: 51324-20621-SG

Author: Suresh Divi; Bruce Craig; Adam Rowe

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

There has been a recent and significant surge in projects for injection of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) into saline reservoirs due to enhanced financial incentives. This has created a rush to permit projects without the necessary data to make informed decisions regarding the corrosion resistance of materials for well completions. Of urgent need is a better understanding of the corrosion performance of alloys for injection tubing and well equipment exposed to the injectate above the saline aquifer contact zone. An electrochemical study was performed to simulate contact of SC-CO2 containing some impurities with fresh water consistent with water condensing from the CO2 phase. The simulated condition represents a pH of 3 typical of water in contact with CO2 at greater than 73.8 bar and 31oC. A range of alloys were tested, including 13Cr, 17Cr, 22Cr, and others. Weight loss corrosion and pitting attacks were measured. The results of this study can be used for life prediction only in the cases where there is no localized corrosion to support material selection decisions for well equipment based on upsets and well shut-in during the life of SC-CO2 injection.

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Corrosion of UNS N06625 Alloy under Batch-Mode Biomass Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) Conditions

Product Number: 51323-18954-SG

Author: Haoyang Li, Xue Han, Yimin Zeng, Chunbao (Charles) Xu

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

There is an increasing interest in substituting nonrenewable fossil fuels with clean and renewable energy resources due to the concerns on the greenhouse gas emissions and the depleting fossil resources. Biomass is a renewable resource derived from living organism and/or their byproducts. For example, some agriculture or forestry wastes (like cornstalk or wood sawdust), industrial wastes (such as black liquor), cattle manure from animal husbandry, and even sewage from our daily life usage can be used for bioenergy production.

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Corrosion Of UNS S31603 Under Partial Upgrading Of Bitumen Using Thermal Cracking

Product Number: 51322-18059-SG

Author: Xue Han, Kaiyang Li, Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

With the rapid economic development and the dramatic population growth, the demand on clean energy is continuously increasing.¹ Due to the depletion of conventional crude oil reserves, the unconventional oil resources such as oil sands become more attractive.² Canada has a total estimated oil sands reserves of 161.4 billion barrels by the end of 2020, accounting for 9.3% of the global reserves.3 The bitumen in the oil sands is extracted and transported through pipelines to the refineries with refining capabilities in Canada and the United States where the raw bitumen is processed to produce marketable synthetic crude oil (SCO). The proposed TransCanada system planned to connect the Alberta bituminous oil sands to the refineries as far as in Texas.⁴

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Corrosion Of Well Tubulars And Casings In Sour Gas Lift Well Annuli - Causes And Mitigations.

Product Number: 51322-17772-SG

Author: Bruce Cowe, Hervé Marchebois, Maalek Mohamed-Said, James Foong

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Injection of hydrocarbon gas is a common practice to enhance production rates from multiphase wells in the Oil and Gas industry. The gas used is normally dehydrated by a combination of compression and chemical treatments to reach a given dew point specification. The dry non-corrosive gas is injected to the production annulus and enters the production bore via a gas lift valve (GLV) located on the production tubing above the production packer.

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Corrosion Of Wrought And Cast Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo Alloys In High-Temperature Brines And CO2-Rich Supercritical Phases With Oxygen And Hydrogen Sulfide

Product Number: 51322-17882-SG

Author: Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is part of decarbonization solutions to reduce green-house gas emissions, as exemplified by the growing number of capital expenditure projects worldwide.^1-2 In CCUS, the carbon dioxide (CO₂) is consecutively (1) captured at origin, such as power plants and natural gas production sites, (2) separated from other gases and impurities, (3) compressed, (4) transported through pipelines, and finally (5) injected into a storage site such as deleted hydrocarbon wells, saline aquafers, coal beds, underground caverns, or seawater.^1,3 Since the 1970s, specifically the first commercial carbon dioxide flooding in the United States (known as SACROC), carbon dioxide sequestration has been largely discussed in the context of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), not in the newer context of Sustainability. Nonetheless, substantial experience has been drawn from EOR, including for the selection of the right and economical materials.⁴ As reflected by the literature, past materials test programs have rarely given any attention to downhole jewelry alloys compared to tubulars or surface-infrastructure alloys, and consequently the track records for such bar-stock alloys are either inexistent or not readily available. ^5-7 This lack of apparent return-on-experience represents a knowledge gap against the prospect of a safe greenhouse gas control method; needless to say, it also justifies the requirements for reliable well integrity monitoring solutions in carbon dioxide sequestration wells.^8-9

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Corrosion Perforation Failure Analysis Of Inside Coating Sewage Pipeline

Product Number: 51322-17704-SG

Author: Zhan Zheng, Xing Yunying, Liu Xiaotong, Li Fang, Zeng Wenguang, Chen Yingfeng, Yang Zhiwen, Zhang Lei, Zhang Jiangjiang

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion exists in the whole process of oil exploitation. Pipeline failure caused by corrosion can cause serious economic losses and Security incidents. Due to corrosion factors such as ions and bacteria introduced by sewage, the service environment of the sewage transmission pipeline between the sewage station and the water injection pressurization station studied in this paper becomes more serious[1]. Pipeline corrosion prevention becomes more challenging.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance