Save 20% on select titles with code HIDDEN24 - Shop The Sale Now
The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is one of the most vital components to nuclear reactor operation. RPVs are made from forged low alloy steel and then typically clad on the inside with austenitic stainless steel (SS) to protect from corrosion. Traditionally, RPV claddings are applied with gas tungsten arc welding or submerged arc welding, though these arc welding processes require the use of a high heat input to achieve this dissimilar metal bond. The high heat input leads to excess residual stress, a large heat-affected zone, and deleterious phase formation, including sigma phase, sulfides, carbides, and martensite at the dissimilar metal boundary.
Additive manufacturing tools are capable of programmatically applying corrosion-resistant stainless steel claddings to carbon steel components (e.g., reactor pressure vessels, piping) used in nuclear reactors. Such claddings have lower dilution, a smaller heat-affected zone, and more desirable microstructures compared to arc welded claddings. This research examines the effects of proton irradiation on the corrosion performance of 309L stainless steel claddings fabricated by a laser-wire directed energy deposition additive manufacturing method. Samples are irradiated with 1.5 MeV protons to 0.5 and 1.0 displacements per atom (dpa) to simulate lifetime radiation damage of reactor pressure vessel claddings and are compared to the unirradiated case. The claddings are electrochemically tested in an aerated boric acid-containing electrolyte to simulate refueling conditions in light water reactors. All claddings are exceedingly corrosion-resistant, yet the higher radiation doses show slightly decreased performance, likely due to radiation-induced segregation effects.
The production of heavy oil or bitumen depends upon continuous steam injection to fluidize the oil in the formation. Most of the boilers used in steam generation to enhance oil production are gas-powered once-through-steam-generation (OTSG), because OTSG’s can tolerate hard water and are relatively easy to maintain. Since an approximate 80% of feedwater is vaporized in a single pass, silica/silicate scales could form in the OTSG boiler if the silica content in the feedwater is not well controlled.
We are unable to complete this action. Please try again at a later time.
If this error continues to occur, please contact AMPP Customer Support for assistance.
Error Message:
Please login to use Standards Credits*
* AMPP Members receive Standards Credits in order to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store
You are not a Member.
AMPP Members enjoy many benefits, including Standards Credits which can be used to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store.
You can visit the Membership Page to learn about the benefits of membership.
You have previously purchased this item.
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store profile to find this item.
You do not have sufficient Standards Credits to claim this item.
Click on 'ADD TO CART' to purchase this item.
Your Standards Credit(s)
1
Remaining Credits
0
Please review your transaction.
Click on 'REDEEM' to use your Standards Credits to claim this item.
You have successfully redeemed:
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store Profile to find and download this item.
The effect of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere on temperature has been known for a long time. Although an increase in CO2 concentration has been observed since the 1960s, a clear change in trend of global temperature increase can be observed from around the 1990s. CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is a mature technology available to reduce emissions from large scale fossil-based energy and industry sources. Sufficient geological storage is available for these sources. Mitigation of CO2 emissions via CCS has been identified as crucial to limit global warming.3 In recent years a significant increase in CCS projects have been proposed and initiated.
In 1984 the US EPA issued a Request for Proposals to select a provider to privatize the approval of products and components used in water distribution systems across the United States. A team which was led by NSF International and included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers, and the American Water Works Association was awarded the contract to develop the standard. In 1988, NSF/ANSI 61: Drinking Water System Components ― Health Effects was published as a result of the work of this team. This standard established minimum requirements for the control of potential adverse human health effects from products that contact drinking water and has been updated regularly since then to add testing criteria for additional contaminants and product types.