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Corrosion Inhibition Of Carbon Steel In Carbonate Acidizing At Elevated Temperature

Product Number: 51322-17562-SG

Author: Limin Xu, Tao Chen, Ming Han, Mohammed Bataweel

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A suitable acid package in matrix acidizing application is very important to the stimulation employed to improve the productivity of carbonate reservoirs. Typically, concentrated acids between 5 and 28 wt% are used and the most used mineral acid for carbonate acidizing treatment is hydrochloric acid (HCl) ^1,2. A significant challenge of acidizing treatment is corrosion loss of metal tubulars due to the high reactivity of acid and metal, especially at high temperatures. Corrosion inhibitors are needed to reduce the corrosion loss of steel surface of facilities exposed in acidic environment.

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Corrosion Inhibitor Encapsulation For Enhanced Chemical Efficiency And Performance

Product Number: 51322-17548-SG

Author: Fang Cao, James Oxley, Yao Xiong, Satish Bodige, Dennis Schmatz

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion of pipelines made of carbon steel and exposed to wet hydrocarbons containing CO₂ and H₂S is a common but serious problem encountered in petroleum industry and its occurrence causes enormousexpense due to production downtime, accidental injuries, and replacement costs. Control and prevent corrosion using chemical treatment (e.g. corrosion inhibitor injection) is one of the most cost-effective solutions and commonly practiced methods to prevent corrosion failures in pipelines in oil and gas industry. Generally speaking, the active corrosion inhibitor (CI) components in commercial CI packages are usually organic, nitrogen-based surfactants such as amines, imidazoline and its derivatives. Due to the amphiphilic nature of surfactants, a good fraction of the injected CI will inevitably go into the oil phase through partitioning and to the oil/water interface.

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Corrosion Inhibitor Qualification for Umbilical and Subsea Applications

Product Number: 51324-20724-SG

Author: Larry Chen; Thenuka Ariyaratna; Nihal Obeyesekere; Tharindu Jayaneththi

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Umbilical functionality is critical to the proper operation of subsea production systems to eliminate risks and downtime. The importance of preventing subsea operational issues has led to more stringent chemical quality requirements as the applications have gone deeper in depth, further from shores, and more demanding as far as Health, Safety & Environment are concerned.(1) Production chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors to provide protections for subsea systems from flow assurance to integrity management have become more demanding concerning product performance, stability, deliverability, and compatibility with the materials of construction. The present work describes various laboratory testing techniques used for certificating corrosion inhibitors designed for subsea applications via umbilical and deepwater applications.

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Corrosion Inhibitor Selection for High Temperature Sweet Gas Wells

Product Number: MECC23-20111-SG

Author: Anas S. Rushaid; Ali A. Jabran; Hassan A. Ajwad; Waleed A. Ghamdi

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

CO2 is well recognized to be a major factor accelerating the corrosion process. When CO2 dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid which is a weak acid and it dissociates only slightly to form bicarbonate ion followed by further dissociation to form carbonate ions (Figure 1). At pH levels lower than 5.5, the bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) are the main carbonic species in solution.

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Corrosion Inhibitor Surfactant Optimization: Part 1 - Inhibitor Efficiency Approach

Product Number: 51322-18043-SG

Author: Richard C. Woollam, Yasmin Hayatgheib, Joshua Owen, Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion inhibitors provide a critical barrier to internal corrosion, presenting the most cost-effective form of mitigation and enabling operators to use carbon steel where it would otherwise be impractical. The correct selection and validation of inhibitors is essential to ensure successful field deployment, providing safe and reliable operation. However, the selection and optimization of a corrosion inhibitor for a particular field application is not trivial.

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Corrosion Inhibitor Surfactant Optimization: Part 2 – Adsorption Kinetics Approach

Product Number: 51322-18045-SG

Author: Richard C. Woollam, Joshua Owen, Yasmin Hayatgheib, Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the first paper, a mixture design matrix of a homologous series of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (BAC) was used to assess the performance and facilitate optimization of a mixed surfactant corrosion inhibitor system based on surface coverage and steady state inhibited corrosion rate.¹ In this second paper, the approach is extended to include adsorption kinetic analysis, as demonstrated in Woollam and Betancourt for a first-order Langmuir kinetic model.²

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Corrosion Inhibitors In O&G Industry: A Review Of Current Application Challenges And Research Gaps

Product Number: 51322-17794-SG

Author: Faisal M. Al-Mutahhar, Rakan A. Al-Shebil, Hassan A. Al-Ajwad

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion continues to be a threat to the petroleum industry. It risks people’s lives, the environment, and assets integrity, in addition to the financial losses. In fact, the annual global cost of corrosion was estimated in 2013 to be around US$2.5 trillion (3.2% of 2013 global GDP). Of this amount, approximately 15-35% (i.e. US$375 to US$875 billion annually) can be avoided through proper corrosion control management and advanced mitigation technologies

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Corrosion Inhibitors Qualification Tender - Testing Requirements

Product Number: 51324-20820-SG

Author: Mohammed Al Maawali; Suleman Maskery; Talal Al Nabhani

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

One of the main challenges in Petroleum and gas companies facilities is corrosive fluid due to high sour, water cut and CO2. Corrosion inhibitors are typically injected in Carbon Steel pipeline in oil and gas production to mitigate corrosion caused by the presence of water, H2S/CO2, chloride, and acidic gas. This paper will cover latest experience in corrosion inhibitors tender qualification for all fields. The qualified corrosion inhibitor must be compatible with production fluid, and not affect the performance of other process chemicals or non-metallic seals. Testing procedures for the qualification and selection of corrosion inhibitors vary in efficiency to the pipeline’s fluid chemistry, temperature, velocity, and pressure. The procedures also change because of the different specifications and implementation approaches employed by chemical suppliers and end users. The latest tender covers all client fields in Oman which classified in five cases and six chemical suppliers participated in the tender. The tender included all series of laboratory testing and field trial in the field. The paper also describes the results of laboratory testing (pre-qualifications and performance tests) and field trial results. Furthermore, lab testing was done to qualify corrosion inhibitor for sour fluid with high velocity and shear stress 60 Pa. All stages of the tender from starting till announcing the qualified chemical supplier and all the difficulties and challenges which was in tender will be described in detail in this paper.

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Corrosion Inhibitors Use: Case Study For Guinea Gulf Assets Application

Product Number: 51322-17663-SG

Author: Alvaro Mpaka Sousa, Laurent Dehays, Francisco Mateus Garcia, Mioara Stroe, Raquel Eduarda Araujo

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon steel (CS) material is widely used for the equipment in oil and gas production industry due to its mechanical properties associated with a relatively low cost, compared to other materials. Depending on the corrosiveness of the fluid that is vehiculated, the use of carbon steel is generally associated with the injection of a corrosion inhibitor (CI) in order to mitigate internal corrosion. Corrosion inhibitors are generally used in continuous injection at an injection rate that is depending on the corrosiveness of the fluid. Based on the operational feedback, the internal standards are recommending for multiphase pipelines CI injection rates in the range of 50 - 70 ppm for temperature below 80°C of and of 150 to 200ppm for temperatures above 100°C. These injection dosages are typical values that are considered in the laboratory tests for the qualification of the CI and they are adjusted on-site based on the monitoring results.

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Corrosion Inspection and Evaluation of Roadway Metal Railings with Deep Learning Technique

Product Number: 51323-19300-SG

Author: Siyu Lin, Fujian Tang, Ji Dang, Zhibin Lin

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

As a protective facility to ensure the safety of citizens or to guide the traffic flow, guardrails are almost
visible everywhere in modern cities. The most commonly used material for roadside guardrail systems
is steel. However, due to the influence of the marine environment, corrosion of roadside steel guardrail
is ubiquitous in coastal cities, which not only damages the appearance and reputation of the city, but
also poses a potential security threat by largely reducing the service-life and strength of the guardrail.

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Corrosion Investigation Of Five Stainless Steels In Oil-Gas-Water Multiphase Flow Containing H2S, CO2 And Chloride

Product Number: 51322-18121-SG

Author: Peike Zhu, Honglan Zou, Qinghua Wang, Junzheng Yang, Yanzhao Yu

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

M. B. Kermani pointed out that 25% of equipment failures in the oil and gas industry are caused by corrosion, and more than half of corrosion events are related to produced fluids containing CO₂ and H₂S. In recent years, the exploitation of sour oil and gas fields (containing H₂S or H₂S/CO₂ mixture) has become more and more common, and prominent problems such as tubing ruptures caused by pitting and uniform corrosion have appeared. In oil fields containing CO₂ and H₂S, local corrosion is a key factor restricting the selection of tubing and casing materials. In an oilfield containing CO2 and H2S in the Middle East, the authors corroded coupons on site, and carried out indoor simulation experiments for the problems found in the field test. The authors systematically studied 13Cr, S13Cr, 22Cr, 25Cr and 2550 in the presence of H₂S, CO₂ and high mineralization.

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Corrosion Investigations of Copper Alloys and Cast Stainless Steel Used for Drinking Water Applications

Product Number: 51324-20723-SG

Author: Luca Blanka Boncz; Jens Lykke Sørensen; Lotte Holmegaard; Morten Stendahl Jellesen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Brass alloys are considered corrosion-resistant in potable water. However, chloride, disinfectants, and high flow rates were reported to weaken pipes, leading to leaks and damage. The degradation of copper alloys causes concern as metal ion release may affect water taste and human health in high concentrations. Therefore, materials with improved flow corrosion properties and increased corrosion resistance are needed. Failure investigations were performed on C52100 brass domestic water flowmeters by visual inspection, microstructural analysis with scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The failure is mostly initiated by high local flow rates causing erosion corrosion attacks with dezincification. The corrosion behavior of C52100 (phosphor bronze), C89520 (Se-Bi brass), and S31600 (stainless steel) was investigated and compared to C27453 (brass) in drinking water with varying contents of chloride, ammonia, and chlorine by potentiodynamic polarization curves and long-term immersion tests. Furthermore, flowmeters (made of C27453 and C89520) were installed in a flow test setup to investigate flow induced conditions in a laboratory environment with aggressive drinking water. Immersion tests, flow tests, and potentiodynamic investigations show that brass corrodes at a higher rate than bronze, Se-Bi brass, and stainless steel in such environments.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance