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Corrosion Characterization And Performance Evaluation Of Co-Cr Alloys By Laser Powder Bed Fusion And Suitability Of Their Use For Pressure Containing Down-Hole Wear Components

Product Number: 51322-17580-SG

Author: Krutibas Panda, Reece Goldsberry, Brendan Voglewede

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Cobalt (Co) - Chromium (Cr) based alloys are known for exhibiting a superior combination of corrosion resistance, erosion resistance, galling resistance, and high temperature strength. They have found a wide variety of applications in automotive, aerospace, chemical and biomedical applications. They are frequently known as the Stellite† grade of families (ex: Stellite† 1, Stellite† 6, Stellite† 12, Stellite† 21, etc.) and are broadly classified into the Co-Cr-Mo-C and the Co-Cr-W-C systems. The relatively high Carbon (C)and Tungsten (W) containing (Co-Cr) alloys are mostly used for their high wear properties.

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Corrosion Condition Assessment Program For Marine Asset Management

Product Number: 51322-17750-SG

Author: Jeffrey S. West, Casey Jones, Stephen W. Foster

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper describes the development of a formal corrosion inspection and condition assessment program to support corrosion and asset management planning for maritime structures at Port Houston. A hierarchical, elemental-based inspection approach was developed using visual inspection criteria and prescribed measurements to characterize the condition of coatings and cathodic protection systems for above- and underwater elements in maritime structures.

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Corrosion Control and Integrity Management of Flare Gas Recovery Units

Product Number: MECC23-20160-SG

Author: Mohamed M. Farah; Abdulaziz Al-Qahtani; Ibrahim Zahrani

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Gas flaring is often a frequent occurrence in the oil and gas industry, where significant unrecovered gas is flared to the atmosphere with wide ranging negative environmental implications such as increased greenhouse emission, and other pollutants that have negative health implications on local populations. However, recent environmental awareness, drive to lower emission and economic benefits associated with flare gas recovery has seen a shift in flaring practice. The recovery of flared gas reduces noise and thermal radiation, operating and maintenance costs, air pollution and gas emission and reduces fuel gas and steam consumption.

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Corrosion Control In Water Injection Pipelines

Product Number: 51322-17692-SG

Author: Jonathan Marsh

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Dubai Petroleum (the Operator) operates five offshore oil fields in the Emirate of Dubai (Fateh, South West Fateh, Falah, Jallilah and Rashid), in addition to various onshore gas production, storage, distribution and import facilities, and LNG import facilities. The assets within these offshore fields consist of approximately 80 platforms of various sizes, comprising central bridge linked processing facilities in Fateh and South West Fateh, and outlying normally unmanned wellhead production platforms. These platforms are linked by a network of over 150 subsea pipelines, of which over 30 are presently operational sea water injection pipelines.

$Picture for Corrosion Deposits Data Base - X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Deposits from Oil and Gas Upstream Well/Production Systems$

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Corrosion Deposits Data Base - X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Deposits from Oil and Gas Upstream Well/Production Systems

Product Number: 51324-20831-SG

Author: Anil Kumar Chikkam; Mehrooz Zamanzadeh; Sunil Kumar Pulagam; Ganesh P; Perry Mortel

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents the analysis results of a wide range of corrosion deposits, scale deposits, and sludge collected from various components within the oil and gas upstream well/production systems. The accumulation of corrosion deposits within equipment can lead to catastrophic failures and unplanned shutdowns of well/production operations. Therefore, understanding the nature of these deposits and identifying their composition is crucial. This study aims to identify the phases and compounds present in corrosion deposits and determine their source. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of these deposits assist clients in determining the underlying causes of corrosion, enabling the development of effective corrosion mitigation strategies. The X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) data presented in this paper serves as a valuable resource for clients during major problems and shutdowns, as no comprehensive database of this nature currently exists. The paper also outlines the sample preparation and analysis procedures employed to examine these corrosion deposits thoroughly.

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Corrosion Failures of Stainless Steel Plate Exchangers in Oil Sands Pond Effluent Water

Product Number: 51324-20821-SG

Author: Reinaldo J Chung; Marilin Garcia; Jiaren (Jimmy) Jiang

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The premature failure of various plate exchangers used in pond effluent water service were investigated to identify the failure mechanism and take the necessary corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence. All the exchangers were made of austenitic stainless steel 316L plates. The heat exchanger units served to recover the waste heat, and to heat up the pond effluent water which is used for the primary extraction process. The study included a review of the equipment design and original materials selection criteria, chemical analysis of the water streams and characterization of the scales, metallurgical and electrochemical testing of the 316L plates in the lab under representative conditions. Results of the investigation and recommendations are discussed throughout the paper.

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Corrosion Fatigue and Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Sulfur Recovery Units

Product Number: 51324-20691-SG

Author: Saud I Al Otaibi; Mohamud Farah

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Sulfur Recovery units (SRUs) are widely used in the oil and gas industry to recover sulfur from refined products and acid gas waste from the natural gas process. This involves routing acid gas rich in hydrogen sulfide through a reaction furnace to produce molten sulfur in a thermal Claus reaction. Central to the operation of the SRUs is the Sulfur storage pit, which is an underground high depth structure used to temporarily store sulfur product before shipment. Sulfur pits contain a range of critical equipment and piping, such as sulfur product pumps and steam coils.The pumps are crucial for shipping the sulfur product, while the steam coils are used for maintaining the molten sulfur temperature between 270-280 °F to prevent solidification and higher sulfur viscosity. Consequently, any impact to the integrity of this equipment impacts the unit’s operational efficiency or worse, leads to total unit shutdown. This equipment is susceptible to a range of damage mechanisms resulting from both operational conditions, such as sulfuric acid corrosion and environmental cracking, resulting from steam leakage and ground water seepage respectively. This paper investigates sulfuric acid corrosion and corrosion fatigue — in sulfur pumps — resulting from the synergistic effects of both dynamic loading and chloride-induced pitting corrosion. The steam coils in the pit were also found to suffer from both sulfuric acid corrosion and chloride stress corrosion cracking. These damage mechanisms were determined following extensive metallurgical analysis of samples recovered from the pit. Furthemore, laboratory compositional analysis from various samples collected from the pumps and the pits showed significant quantity of sodium chloride, resulting from ground water ingress alongside corrosion, and cementitious products, such as iron sulfide, quartz – SiO2 and iron sulfate. These findings, alongside sample results of the post-inspection findings for the sulfur recovery unit pit and equipment, will be highlighted and discussed. Effective mitigations, including the use of permanent dewatering, will also be discussed.

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Corrosion Fatigue Of X80 Weld In Mild Sour Environment

Product Number: 51322-17778-SG

Author: Laurent Ladeuille, Richard Jones, Yifei Zeng, Xin Yue, Chih-Hsiang Kuo, Florian Thébault, Grégory Toguyeni

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pipelines and rigid risers made in conventional X65 grade require large wall thickness to withstand the high loads imposed during installation and under operating conditions in deep and ultra-deepwater field developments. The use of high-strength steels like X80 is an attractive alternative since it improves catenary weight by reducing wall thickness.

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Corrosion Fatigue Performance of Materials in Delayed Cokers and Coker Blowdown Piping System

Product Number: 51324-20618-SG

Author: Haixia Guo; Millar Iverson; Simon Yuen; Sudeep Bohra; Liu Cao

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Very often the current body of knowledge and literature of fatigue performance in coke drums and blowdown piping system are linked to fatigue testing performed in air or in water. This paper summarizes the test results that were conducted using process fluids collected from a delayed coker. Both fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests and stress/strain – cycle fatigue endurance tests in sour water at 200°F (93°C) or in a hot oil mix at 460°F (238°C), with gas mixture containing H2S were conducted. Carbon steel, Alloy 625 and their corresponding weld metal specimens were tested. The test results indicate remarkable impact of environment on fatigue behavior. Frequency scanning FCGR tests in sour water environment showed that FCGR increased with decreasing load frequency, particularly with high ?K (32 ksi·vin or 35 MPa·vm ). When ?K was between 12 ksi·vin (13MPa·vm) and 36 ksi·vin (40 MPa·vm), FCGR of all specimens in sour water are higher than the mean + 2 SD (Standard Deviation) curve of carbon steel in air. Fatigue endurance tests in both sour water and hot oil environments showed various ranges of knock-down factors compared to test results in air. This testing program provides a better definition of the corrosion fatigue cracking mechanism of materials in delayed coker process. It also helps in the inspection planning of delayed coker equipment and in decisions on material selection.

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Corrosion In Confined Environments - The Importance Of High Supersaturation Of Dissolved Corrosion Products

Product Number: 51322-18025-SG

Author: Arne Dugstad, Simona Palencsár

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The paper discusses how SR_FeCO3 affects the stability of the corrosion product films and how SR_FeCO3 can be used to estimate the equilibrium pressure of H₂S in the annulus.

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Corrosion In Dense Slurry And Models Performance

Product Number: 51322-17743-SG

Author: Kofi Freeman Adane, Aaron Fuhr

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Slurry pipeline systems are used for the extraction of bitumen from mined ore in the oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. Most of these extraction processes are open to atmosphere resulting in significant air ingress and entrainment within the slurry pipelines used to transport mined ore and tailings. In addition, for short hydrotransport slurry pipelines, the slurry is conditioned by air to create bubbles coated with a bitumen film called “air-sacks”.

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Corrosion Inhibition Of Automotive Parts In Water-Ethylene Glycol Solutions

Product Number: 51322-17593-SG

Author: Behzad Bavarian, Koushik Kosanam, Lisa Reiner

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The efforts to lower automotive component weight to make cars more fuel efficient has increased the demand for aluminum alloys. In these applications, substantial amounts of heat are generated due to engine combustion, making it necessary to cool the engine systems. Metals in an engine application will rely on coolant to transfer heat. Corrosion behavior is another consideration for metals. Aluminum alloys, similar to the metals they are replacing, are sensitive to corrosion, especially in an aqueous alkaline environment.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance