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The paper discusses how SRFeCO3 affects the stability of the corrosion product films and how SRFeCO3 can be used to estimate the equilibrium pressure of H2S in the annulus.
Flexible pipes used in oil and gas production are composed of densely packed steel wires enclosed in an annulus confined by inner and outer thermoplastic sheaths. Hydrocarbons, water, CO2, and H2S from the bore permeate through the thermoplastic sheaths and form a corrosive environment in the confined space between the sheaths. Generally, low corrosion rates (<0.01 mm/y) are experienced. This is attributed to the low water volume to steel surface ratio (V/S ratio) causing rapid accumulation of dissolved corrosion products and precipitation of protective corrosion product films.
The relationship between the supersaturation of dissolved FeCO3 (SRFeCO3), the precipitation rate of FeCO3, and the protective properties of the precipitated corrosion product film was studied in a series of experiments performed at different V/S ratios and different temperatures (10 °C, 25 °C and 60 °C). The experiments showed a large effect of temperature and duration of exposure.
Corrosion of pipelines made of carbon steel and exposed to wet hydrocarbons containing CO2 and H2S is a common but serious problem encountered in petroleum industry and its occurrence causes enormousexpense due to production downtime, accidental injuries, and replacement costs. Control and prevent corrosion using chemical treatment (e.g. corrosion inhibitor injection) is one of the most cost-effective solutions and commonly practiced methods to prevent corrosion failures in pipelines in oil and gas industry. Generally speaking, the active corrosion inhibitor (CI) components in commercial CI packages are usually organic, nitrogen-based surfactants such as amines, imidazoline and its derivatives. Due to the amphiphilic nature of surfactants, a good fraction of the injected CI will inevitably go into the oil phase through partitioning and to the oil/water interface.
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A suitable acid package in matrix acidizing application is very important to the stimulation employed to improve the productivity of carbonate reservoirs. Typically, concentrated acids between 5 and 28 wt% are used and the most used mineral acid for carbonate acidizing treatment is hydrochloric acid (HCl) 1,2. A significant challenge of acidizing treatment is corrosion loss of metal tubulars due to the high reactivity of acid and metal, especially at high temperatures. Corrosion inhibitors are needed to reduce the corrosion loss of steel surface of facilities exposed in acidic environment.
The efforts to lower automotive component weight to make cars more fuel efficient has increased the demand for aluminum alloys. In these applications, substantial amounts of heat are generated due to engine combustion, making it necessary to cool the engine systems. Metals in an engine application will rely on coolant to transfer heat. Corrosion behavior is another consideration for metals. Aluminum alloys, similar to the metals they are replacing, are sensitive to corrosion, especially in an aqueous alkaline environment.