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Corrosion Of Constructional Alloys in Corrodants-Containing Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Conditions

Picture for Corrosion Of Constructional Alloys in Corrodants-Containing Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Conditions
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In recent decades, the increasing demand of conventional fossil fuel-derived energy and products leads to excessive greenhouse gas emissions. The intensifying environmental awareness and lack of supply in fossil fuel resources has expedited research for finding sustainable, energy secured and environmental-friendly alternatives. Among all the sources, biomass such as wood chips, agricultural crops and wastes, municipal and animal wastes, and specially engineered aquatic plants are commonly considered as potential sources to replace fossil fuels or chemical feedstocks.

Product Number: 51323-18940-SG
Author: Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng
Publication Date: 2023
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$20.00
$20.00

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction is used to convert wet biomass, industrial waste streams and intermediate bio-products into biofuels through high temperature alkaline catalytic solution. Corrodants such as chloride and sulfide anions released, and organic acids produced during the conversion would inevitably complicate the conversion environments and thus challenge the selection of qualified constructional alloys for the main reactor. Our most recent study revealed that the presence of catalyst, inorganic corrodants and organic acid changed formation and dissolution rates of formed oxide layers on certain Fe-based steels. In this technical paper, studies were carried out on the corrosion performance and oxide layer properties of UNS N08825 through static autoclave tests and advanced microscopic characterizations. The influence of catalyst and corrodants was investigated to understand their impact on corrosion modes and extent of nickel-based constructional alloys in different HTL environments.

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction is used to convert wet biomass, industrial waste streams and intermediate bio-products into biofuels through high temperature alkaline catalytic solution. Corrodants such as chloride and sulfide anions released, and organic acids produced during the conversion would inevitably complicate the conversion environments and thus challenge the selection of qualified constructional alloys for the main reactor. Our most recent study revealed that the presence of catalyst, inorganic corrodants and organic acid changed formation and dissolution rates of formed oxide layers on certain Fe-based steels. In this technical paper, studies were carried out on the corrosion performance and oxide layer properties of UNS N08825 through static autoclave tests and advanced microscopic characterizations. The influence of catalyst and corrodants was investigated to understand their impact on corrosion modes and extent of nickel-based constructional alloys in different HTL environments.

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Picture for Corrosion under Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Process
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Corrosion under Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Process

Product Number: 51320-15439-SG
Author: Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng, Xue Han, Jing-Li Luo
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

The corrosion modes and extents of three candidate alloys (UNS S31603, UNS S31000 and UNS N06625) was investigated under simulated hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) conditions. The effect of alkaline catalysts (K2CO3), operating pressure and flow rate on corrosion was also examined. Results indicated that the three alloys underwent general oxidation in hot pressurized water, of which SS 316 exhibited worse corrosion resistance compared to SS 310 and Alloy 625. The addition of K2CO3 resulted in a significant increase in the corrosion rates of the alloys, likely due to the formation of soluble metal hydroxides in basic environment. Environmental loop tests showed that higher operating pressure led to a marginal increase in the corrosion rates of SS 310 and Alloy 625. Increasing flow rate from 9 to 15 had no noticeable effect on the corrosion rates of the alloys in hot pressurized water at 310 C and 10 MPa.  
Picture for Optimizing Sour Gas Qualification Testing – Modeling the Effects of Temperature and Total Pressure on H2S Fugacity, Activity, and Solubility Coefficients
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Optimizing Sour Gas Qualification Testing – Modeling the Effects of Temperature and Total Pressure on H2S Fugacity, Activity, and Solubility Coefficients

Product Number: 51323-18762-SG
Author: Brent W.A. Sherar, Diana Miller, Hui Li
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Traditionally, sour severity of high-pressure, high temperature (HPHT) oil and gas production wells were assessed by H2S partial pressure (PH2S): The mole fraction of H2S in the gas (yH2S) multiplied by the total pressure (PT). While PH2S is appropriate for characterizing the sour severity of wellbores operating at low total pressures (e.g., PT < 35 MPa) and/or for highly sour systems (e.g., yH2S > 1 mol%), PH2S usually over-predicts the actual sour severity of HPHT systems, leading to sub-optimal material selection options. 
Picture for Methods to Assess Carburization Damage and Remaining Life in Fired Heater Tubes
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Methods to Assess Carburization Damage and Remaining Life in Fired Heater Tubes

Product Number: 51323-18771-SG
Author: Jeff Goldstein
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Fired heaters in coking service are susceptible to carburization damage, which needs to be predicted and managed to prevent unexpected downtime and expedited replacement costs. Carburization damage occurs when carbonaceous material, i.e., coke, is deposited on a steel surface and exposed to high metal temperatures; such are the internal conditions present in fired heater tubes in coking services. At these high temperatures, the carbon diffuses into the steel microstructure and increases the hardness while reducing ductility. At an advanced state, this reduction in ductility may lead to tube failure if a mechanical or thermal shock is applied. The diffusion of carbon can also cause the formation of deleterious chromium carbides in the steel microstructure, reducing the high temperature corrosion resistance in those areas.
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