AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Revisiting Alloy K-500 with Improved Performance Limits for Short and Long-Term Subterranean Applications

Product Number: 51323-18787-SG

Author: Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Alloy K-500 (UNS N05500) is concomitantly a centurial material and the very first precipitation-strengthened nickel-based alloy, then developed in the 1920s by the newly-formed International Nickel Company, or Inco.
Derived from Monel 400 (UNS N04400) that was invented in 1901, Alloy K-500 shares many of the same corrosion and tribological characteristics. Being a pioneer alloy with so-called “stain-less” characteristics, Alloy
K-500 also established itself as the first high-strength oilfield nickel alloy, having survived sour service conditions exceeding the capabilities of the low-alloy steels of the time. From early naval propeller shaft applications to
general cross-industrial uses, Alloy K-500 has always been considered a corrosion-resistant alloy, or CRA. For instance, it has been included in the NACE MR1075 document right from the first 1975 edition.

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Revisiting The Anodic Dissolution Of Pure Iron In Strong Acid: Replication Of Bockris’ Estimation Of Butler-Volmer

Product Number: 51322-17681-SG

Author: Mohiedin Bagheri Hariri, Bruce Brown, Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Reviewing literature related to corrosion research brings to light the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved, and how this is essential to aid in development of mathematical models for corrosion prediction. The current research documents possible mechanisms for the dissolution of pure iron in strong acid in a potential range in the potential range of ±50 mV vs. OCP, providing explanations for corrosion engineers and researchers working with mild steel. Prediction of corrosion rate relies on the precise understanding of the anodic and cathodic processes at the metal surface in the potential range close to the OCP.

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Revolutionizing Non-Metallic GRE Tubulars in Downhole Applications: First Deployment of Hybrid Coupler in a Geothermal Well: Case Study

Product Number: MECC23-20002-SG

Author: Ralph El-Mir; Ghassan Zein; Adil al Mahasna

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

As the petroleum and energy industries relentlessly push boundaries to achieve operational efficiency and sustainability, the materials they utilize come under increasing analysis. Historically dominated by metallic components, downhole applications are witnessing a transformative shift towards non-metallic composite material such as Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) tubulars. These non-metallic solutions guarantees enhanced durability, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to the corrosive environment.

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Ripple Slow Strain Rate Test for SSC and SCC of Super 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel and 25Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steel Tubular Materials

Product Number: 51324-20735-SG

Author: Chong Li

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion and environmental cracking tests are important for fitness-for-service (FFS) evaluation during the material selection and qualification process to ensure quality of tubular materials. Super 13Cr martensitic stainless steel and super duplex 25Cr stainless steel are commonly used as tubular materials in oil and gas production wells under corrosive environments containing CO2 and H2S. This study evaluated the sulfide stress cracking (SSC) behavior of super 13Cr martensitic stainless steel and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 25Cr super duplex stainless steel by using ripple slow strain rate test (SSRT) or cyclic SSRT. Environmental conditions including temperature, H2S, pH and chloride concentrations were varied to develop a service envelope and/or a material performance quality control criterion. This paper also presents implementation of ripple SSRT testing methodology in author’s company best practices for 25Cr tubular material qualification.

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Risk Based Approach to Corrosion Prevention and Control for US Army Acquisition

Product Number: 51323-18922-SG

Author: Sam Conner

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Army Regulation (AR) 11-42, Army Corrosion Prevention and Control Program, requires that program managers and engineers use a risk-based approach (RBA) to identify the corrosion susceptibility on critical components and the consequence to the overall system. Department of the Army Pamphlet (DA PAM) 11-42 provides an example of generic procedures for conducting a risk-based approach. The goal of this project was to develop a detailed, standardized process for conducting a risk-based approach during CPC planning.

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Risk Evaluation Of Potential Coating Damage From HDD

Product Number: 51322-17762-SG

Author: Ron Raphoon

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper will identify the potential causes of pipe coating failure, from the design angles to the soil types, to the fracture methods of rocks, and pull forces. It will present a logical method for evaluating the condition of an HDD pull prior to its installation so that the right level of coating protection may be applied. The pipelines that carry our world's energy and industrial networks are a vital lifeblood of our society. HDD’s play such an integral part in keeping all aspects of the pipeline and its construction running smoothly, the aim here it to ensure there are no hiccups along the way.

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Risk-based Coating Inspections Against Potential Corrosion Threats (RBCI)

Product Number: MPWT19-14292

Author: Kumar Kolur Vadivelu

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Risk-based inspection is a business process and improvement tool to enhance asset performance as well as asset life. This paper intends to discuss risk-based coating inspection parameters to enhance coating/lining life and prevent and or mitigate the corrosion threat to assets. This paper further discusses each key aspect of protective coating/lining inspection parameters and its intended purpose.

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Robust Non-Phosphorus Cooling Water Treatment Program That Reduces The Biological Control Challenge - A Case Study

Product Number: 51322-17626-SG

Author: Bingzhi Chen, Yikun Guo, Xiao Zhang, Ben Brock, Jessica Grailer

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Cooling water systems are commonly used to cool a process, either steam, gas or liquid, through heat exchangers or condensers in various plants. The heat exchangers or condensers can be corroded easily or have scale and biofilm growth due to the poor water treatment program. The corrosion, scale, and biofilm growth on heat exchangers can lead to significant reduction in heat exchanger efficiency and lifetime. The repair expense or loss of production often costs plants a few hundred thousand or millions of dollars per day for heavy industries, such as chemical and power plants, refineries, and steel mills. Thus, cooling water treatment is critical to maintain the integrity and efficiency of heat exchangers.

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Role Of Acetic Acid On The Kinetics And Mechanism Of Carbon Steel Dissolution Under CO2 Top Of Line Corrosion

Product Number: 51322-17818-SG

Author: Mariana Costa Folena, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes, Frederick Pessu, Anne Neville, Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Top of line corrosion (TLC) is a specific corrosion mechanism observed in the oil and gas industry. This phenomena occurs under stratified or wet-gas flow regimes when the upper internal pipeline walls are sufficiently cooled (by heat transfer to the surrounding outer environment), promoting local condensation of water vapor. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and organic acids dissolving into the condensed water generate a change in the solution chemistry, ultimately influencing the corrosion kinetics of the contacting carbon steel.

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Role of Grain Boundary Oxidation in Crack Initiation of Neutron-irradiated Stainless Steel

Product Number: ED22-17333-SG

Author: Srinivasan Swaminathan, Donghai Du, Gary S. Was

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) continues to be a major concern for the
structural integrity of core internals in both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water
reactor (BWRs). While factors such as stress, an irradiated microstructure and a high temperature
water environment are required for IASCC, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism
has become a subject of intense long-term research. In the last two decades, much progress has
been made in understanding IASCC susceptibility, though a clear cause-and-effect has yet to be
established on the mechanism of intergranular cracking in highly neutron irradiated stainless steels
in the PWR environment.

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Role of Material Condition on Precursor Corrosion Damage and Stress Corrosion Crack Initiation Behavior of Alloy 600 in PWR Primary Water

Product Number: 51320-14536-SG

Author: Ziqing Zhai, Mychailo Toloczko, Stephen Bruemmer

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Stress corrosion crack (SCC) initiation testing has been performed on a 15% cold-worked UNS N06600 (Alloy 600) heat in mill-annealed (MA), solution annealed (SA), and thermally treated (TT) conditions to assess the role of grain boundary (GB) carbides on stress-assisted intergranular attack (IGA) and short crack nucleation and growth. The SCC initiation tests were conducted at a constant load equivalent to the materials’ yield stress in 360oC simulated pressurized water reactor primary water. Results revealed the highest SCC initiation susceptibility occurred in the Alloy 600 MA material, followed by the TT and SA materials, suggesting that GB carbide distribution did not have a controlling effect on SCC initiation resistance. Quantitative assessments of IGA and short cracks were conducted to help understand this phenomenon, and the role of GB carbides in precursor damage development that leads to differences in macroscopic SCC initiation behavior are discussed.

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Role of Metallographic Characterization in Failure Analysis – Case Studies

Product Number: MPWT19-14379

Author: Syed Ahsan Ali

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Conducting a materials failure analysis requires a carefully planned series of steps intended to
arrive at the cause of the problem. Consistent with the current trend towards better accountability
and responsibility, failure analysis purpose has been extended in deciding which party may be
liable for losses, be they loss of production, property damage, injury, or fatality [1]. Hence it
increases the importance of proper implementation of characterization tools in failure analysis to
rightly identify the failure mode.
Present work discusses a few case studies to shed light upon the importance of the metallurgical
characterization tools and techniques in identification of correct failure mode. Some typical case
studies where metallography plays a very important role have been discussed, such as improper
welding joints which led to premature failure, sensitization and stress corrosion cracking in S.S.,
improper heat treatment and forging indicated the microstructures which led to the premature
failure. These cases are examples of only a few laboratory based investigations which justify that
without metallography it is not possible to diagnose the causes of premature failures.
Generally, examination of failed components commence with the low-power stereomicroscope
whereas hand-held magnifying lenses are still in wide use by experts to study fractures mostly
limited now for field purpose [2]. Metallographic examination typically is performed after nondestructive
and macroscopic examination procedures while using the light optical microscopy
which helps to assess the failure mode with respect to material defects, shortcomings in
processing, metallurgical changes etc. Since light optical microscopy has limited value for direct
observation of fracture surfaces (more limited for metals than non-metals), with still more factual
information can be gathered by scanning electron microscopy at higher magnification.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance