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SCC Growth In BWR-NWC Of A Low-Alloy Steel With Intermediate S-Content Tested At K Between 50 And 70 Mpa√M

Product Number: ED22-17305-SG

Author: Martin Bjurman, Elena Calota, Björn Forssgren, Johan Stjärnsäter

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of RPV steels has shown fairly quick initiation and high crack growth rates (CGRs) in simulated normal water chemistry (NWC) autoclave tests. Still the operating experience shows no known cases that reflect this high sensitivity. The bulk of these tests have been conducted on either high sulfur material, with significant dynamic loading and/or in high sulphate or chloride environments. Recent studies at PSI and GE have shown increased CGRs at 3-5 ppb chloride. This led to the limit for normal operating conditions in the EPRI BWR water Chemistry Guidelines [3,4] to be reduced from 5 to 3 ppb of chloride during the course of this project. The effects on the in-crack chemistry of test specimens vs. those of real cracks, and the effect of cladding on cracking in LAS have been debated.

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SCC Initiation and Growth Rate Response of A-286 in B/Li and B/K Solutions 340°C

Product Number: ED22-17262-SG

Author: P.L. Andresen, P. Chou

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) initiation and growth rate testing was performed using Alloy A-286, a high-strength iron-base alloy, to evaluate for possible differences in response in boric acid solutions containing KOH vs. LiOH. PWRs are considering a switch from LiOH to KOH because of the uncertain future availability and high cost of Li. To achieve the same pH at temperature (pHT) in typical PWR primary water, the same molar concentration of Li and K is needed. The atomic weight of K is 39.1, which is 5.63 higher than the atomic weight of Li at 6.94, so 1 ppm Li yields the same pHT as 5.63 ppm K. The conductivity differs somewhat because of difference in the mobility of Li+ and K+.

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SCC of Alloy 152/52 Welds Defects, Repairs, Dilution Zones and HAZs in PWR Water

Product Number: ED22-17243-SG

Author: Peter L. Andresen, Chris Wax

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been observed for over six decades in light water reactors structural components, with wide variations in the rate of SCC initiation and crack growth. Newer materials have been adopted in the last three decades, primarily the ~30% Cr Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) and its weld metals, Alloy 52 (UNS W86052) and Alloy 152 (UNS W86152). These materials were initially viewed as immune to SCC, but are now recognized to be susceptibility to SCC, and can exhibit high growth rates in some conditions.

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SCC Of Alloy 82 Weld Metal In BWR Water

Product Number: ED22-17242-SG

Author: Peter L. Andresen, Katsuhiko Kumagai

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

There is extensive evidence from laboratory data and plant experience of the SCC susceptibility of Alloy 82 weld metal in both BWR and PWR environments. Two international expert panels evaluated laboratory data under PWR conditions and created disposition curves to address the effects of stress intensity factor (K), temperature, and other factors. Another expert panel is creating a disposition
curve under BWR conditions for K, temperature, corrosion potential, impurities, and other factors. Nickel alloy weld metals at lower Cr levels (~15% Cr for Alloy 182 and ~20% Cr for Alloy 82) are more susceptible to SCC than weld metals of higher Cr content (~30% Cr for Alloy 52/152). This paper focuses on on-thefly effects on SCC growth rate of Alloy 82 weld metal in BWR environments of corrosion potential, water
purity and temperature.

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SCC Of Tensile Wires At High CO2 Partial Pressure In Simulated Annulus Environments Of Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51322-17898-SG

Author: Pedro Netto da Silva, Gaute Svenningsen, Arne Dugstad, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Unbonded flexible pipes used for transporting process fluids in offshore oil and gas production systems have a complex structure, with alternate polymer and metallic layers. Tensile armors are metallic layers constructed by the helical wrapping of high strength carbon steel wires, and they are responsible for the integrity of the pipe. These armors provide axial strength and torsion resistance to the pipe so that it can sustain its own weight and resist to stresses associated to environmental conditions and vessel motion.

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SCC Susceptibility Potential Range for Carbon Steels Used in Nuclear Waste Tanks Determined with a Crack Growth Rate Technique

Product Number: 51324-21154-SG

Author: B.C. Rollins; S. Chawla; J.S. Page; C.L. Girardot; S.T. Campbell

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a documented threat to the integrity of carbon steel radioactive waste storage tanks at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. A previously published study compared the slow strain rate (SSR) test technique to three alternative SSR methods. That study showed that, regardless of the technique employed, inconclusive results due to subjective aspects of the post-test evaluation are possible. Additionally, the study suggested that the crack growth rate (CGR) technique might reduce ambiguity and more accurately define the critical cracking potential (CCP). The focus of the current study was determining the potential window of SCC susceptibility using the CGR technique as compared to multiple SSR techniques. The results of the study showed the minimum applied potential required to sustain cracking was dependent on whether intergranular SCC was already established. A more noble potential was required to activate intergranular SCC than it was to maintain cracking.

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Screening For Selective Seam Weld Corrosion and Long Seam Anomalies in ERW Pipe Using ILI Data. A Case Study

Product Number: 51323-19476-SG

Author: Bernardo Cuervo, Mark McQueen

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

On July 8th, 1986, an 8-inch pipeline transporting gasoline ruptured in Mounds View, Minnesota. Vaporized gasoline combined with air and liquid gasoline flowed along neighborhood streets. Approximately 30 minutes later, a vehicle entered the area igniting the gasoline vapor.

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Selection And Optimization Of Cathodic Protection Test Posts Used Or Necessary To Adequately Verify The Performance Of Cathodic Protection Systems In Annual Surveys

Product Number: 51321-17011-SG

Author: Craig Stevenson; Len J Krissa; Keith Parker; Alfonso Garcia Rojas; Rob Floria

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Selection and Testing of Fusion Bond Epoxy Coating for High Pressure Pipelines with H2S and CO2 Acid Gases

Product Number: 51323-19482-SG

Author: Sameer Ayyar

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

New gas field expansion will provide offshore facilities to process non-associated gas, where the new
gas gathering system takes non-associated gas from offshore gas wells and transports it through
pipeline to onshore processing plants. The gas is very corrosive due to high levels of H2S and CO2 acid
gases content. Further hydrate control is achieved by injecting mono ethylene glycol (MEG).

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Selection, Screening and Field Trial of Calcium Hypochlorite to reduce bacteria population in freshwater storage tanks in Williston, North Dakota, USA

Product Number: 51322-17645-SG

Author: James R Fajt, Stephanie Iwuala, Alyn Jenkins, Jarrod Hastie

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This study describes an effort to find a method to control bacteria in 130 remote freshwater fiber glass storge tanks with an effective low-cost, convenient treatment method. Freshwater, in this application, is being used to control halite scale formed in the production from unconventional oil wells in the Williston, North Dakota, USA area. The water is sourced from local freshwater rivers and trucked to location and stored in 400 barrel (bbl) freshwater tanks. The water stored in the tanks is injected continuously, and the tanks are refilled on a variable schedule.

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Selective Degradation and Removal of Silyl-Containing Topcoats from Non-Metallic Substrates using Environmentally Friendly Fluoride Salts

Product Number: 51323-18797-SG

Author: Erick B. Iezzi, Grant C. Daniels

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

topcoats utilized on the exterior skin of Department of Defense (DoD) aircraft (i.e., fixed and rotary wing) and ground support equipment (GSE) are two-component (2K) polyurethanes (PUs) that are qualified to MIL-PRF-85285 performance requirements. These topcoats are formed from the chemical MARCH reaction of hydroxyl- and isocyanate-functional molecules to generate highly cross-linked polymeric networks that contain carbamate (i.e., urethane) linkages. Formation of these cross-linked networks result in durable coatings with excellent hydrocarbon resistance, mechanical and thermal properties, including resistance to ultraviolet (UV) degradation from sunlight.

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Selective Dissolution Forming During Sour Testing of Duplex Stainless Steels. Is It Critical?

Product Number: 51323-18834-SG

Author: Christophe Mendibide, Carole Dessolin

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

According to ISO 15156(1) standard, the acceptability limits of duplex stainless steels for a safe use in exploration and production environments are defined based on the PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) of the considered alloy. For a duplex stainless steel with 30 < PREN < 40 (typical of 22%Cr steels), the alloy is acceptable up to a H2S partial pressure of 0.1 bar while this partial pressure can be increased up to 0.2 bar if 40 < PREN < 45 (typical of 25%Cr steels).

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance