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Redefining Corrosion Resistance Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steels used in Drilling Applications – Part 2: CrNi-Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51323-19277-SG

Author: Julia Ditmann, Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper, Thomas Williams, Bernd Holper, Krutibas Panda, Reece Goldsberry, Wendy Martin, Daryl McIntyre, Clara Herrera, Merlin Seifert

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pitting and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) are a major concern when austenitic CrMn-stainless steels, which are commonly used for non-magnetic drill collars (NMCD), are exposed to high halide-containing drilling fluids. Even though the fast propagation of environmentally assisted cracks can partially be controlled by the introduction of compressive residual stresses, surface treatments are not intended to address localized corrosion resistance. In fact, it has been demonstrated that CrMn-stainless steels become prone to pitting corrosion when exposed to high Cl- streams at elevated temperature, which ultimately can also lead to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) when sufficient stresses are present.

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Redefining Corrosion Resistance Requirements for Non-Magnetic Stainless Steels Used In Drilling Applications – Results From A Round Robin Experiment

Product Number: 51321-16881-SG

Author: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper; Anthony Collins; Bernd Holper; Wendy Martin; Krutibas Panda; Merlin Seifert; Thomas Williams; Yoshihiko Koyanagi

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Reduce OPEX and CAPEX in Refining Process Unit Fired Heaters Using Ceramic Coating Technology

Product Number: MECC23-19920-SG

Author: Sanjay Lodha

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The formation of carbon deposits and fouling of tubes is one of the most common operational issues regarding the operability and lifetime of materials at an industrial scale. Several billion dollars are spent worldwide on annual basis to upgrade/change materials apart from revenue loss on account of production halt and additional costs incurred in maintenances. Particularly, the carbon deposition in the refining process is an evitable and undesired factor.

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Reducing conservatism on corrosion prediction to oil production and transportation based on laboratory test and data analysis considering PH2S, PCO2, pH, shear stress and BSW

Product Number: 51323-19407-SG

Author: Merlin C. E. Bandeira, Rogaciano M. Moreira, Felipe S. Assunção, Thiago B. Gutierrez, Elaine Felix Silva, Oscar R. Mattos, Gustavo L. Vaz, Jefferson R. Oliveira

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The importance of models for predicting carbon steel corrosion in the oil and gas production chain is undeniable. However, researchers are aware of the difficulty in extending the application range of existing data, to build a generic model. This is because the chemical and electrochemical reactions that impact the corrosion kinetics are affected by the characteristics of each process, such as: salinity, type of oil, oil/water ratio, pH, presence of organic acids.

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Reducing CUI Risk with Remote Monitoring in Cold Duty Insulations

Product Number: 51323-19065-SG

Author: A. Oskuie, A. Pidcock, J. Sumner, P. Sharma, S. Impey, C.M. Pinon, H, Yeung

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The range of factors affecting the susceptibility of equipment to corrosion under insulation (CUI)
are numerous. Some of these factors might be controlled through better design, more robust
installation procedures, and using better quality coatings. However, there are other risk factors such as operating temperature, material type, and environmental conditions that cannot be easily modified.

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Reducing Embodied Carbon by Using Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) Rather than Steel

Product Number: MECC23-20045-SG

Author: Nik Lye; Blake Herbert; Rocky Friedrich; Simon Eves; Allen Chiu

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Climate change and global warming due to human-generated greenhouse gases are potentially the most prominent issues facing the political and economic world in recent times. “Human activities are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels, with a likely range of 0.8°C to 1.2°C. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate.”

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Reduction Of Conservatism In SSC Testing For Sour Gas Well Tubulars

Product Number: 51322-17776-SG

Author: Marc Wilms, Johan Smit, Willem Maarten van Haaften, Sytze Huizinga, Wouter Koot, Daniela Garcia, Harold Evin, Michel Bonis, Hervé Marchebois, Edmund J.F. Dickinson, Gareth Hinds

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Martensitic stainless steel (MSS) well tubulars are favorable due to their high strength and relatively low cost and are therefore widely applied in the Oil & Gas industry. This is especially the case for 13Cr and Super13Cr grades, which are often selected for mildly sour gas fields, where a relatively low content of H₂S is present. When selecting martensitic stainless steels for sour service, the susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC), determined by standard laboratory tests, are the most important selection criteria.

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Reduction of Tool Wear and Loads During Friction Stir Welding of Steel for Pipeline Fabrication

Product Number: MPWT19-14275

Author: Grégory Toguyeni, Ozan Caliskanoglu, Christian Pfeiffer

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Friction stir welding procedure development was initiated on steel grades S460 G2+M and S690QL1 in plate wall thicknesses of 10 and 15mm. In order to tackle the challenges of the high mechanical loads on the tool as well as its premature wear, a combination of preheating and optimized weld backing set-up was implemented. The inductive preheating allowed a 28% reduction in welding torque and a significant reduction of the tool wear, particularly during the critical initial plunge of the tool within the base material. A comparison of Mo-based and W-based tool was performed, allowing identifying the W-based tool as having a better combination of high temperature strength and wear resistance. Different backing arrangements and materials were investigated. Ceramic backing inlays were used in order to reduce the heat loss at the root area and maintain an acceptable stirring of this zone to achieve full penetration welds. The welds quality was assessed via metallurgical examination, bend tests, and confirmed the possibility to perform sound full-penetration, one-sided welds. The contribution of the preheating to the process as well as the quality and mechanical properties of the welds will be discussed here.

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Refinement Of Citric Acid Passivation Methods And Comparison To Traditional Nitric Acid Based Chemistries

Product Number: 51322-17628-SG

Author: David G. Enos, Derek Wichhart

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Traditional solutions for the chemical passivation of stainless steel are nitric acid based, with the addition of sodium dichromate as an inhibitor for precipitation hardened and free machining stainless steels. These passivation chemistries are difficult to handle from an environmental health and safety point of view, particularly the dichromate inhibited versions. Citric acid passivation has been pursued as a replacement for both nitric acid and inhibited nitric acid based chemistries for many years, and has been incorporated into consensus specifications such as ASTM A967 and SAE AMS2700.

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Refinement of Pitting Factor Basis to Evaluate Minimum Nitrite Requirement in Dilute Waste Chemistries

Product Number: 51324-20801-SG

Author: Joshua T. Boerstler; Keisha B. Martin; Bruce J. Wiersma; Andrea N. Bridges

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Considering that chloride concentrations are an order of magnitude lower at SRS than the maximum chloride previously tested to evaluate pitting susceptibility of carbon steel, it has been proposed that the Pitting Factor methodology be refined to determine if a reduction in the minimum nitrite requirement is warranted in more dilute solutions and those with chloride concentrations more indicative of waste tank chemistries at SRS. Through the use of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, the susceptibility of A537 carbon steel to pitting corrosion was evaluated. The Pitting Factor was shown to accurately predict pitting susceptibility throughout the chemistry envelope evaluated. In addition, it was shown that nitrite is not required for inhibition of pitting corrosion in tank conditions with chloride concentrations observed at SRS and up to 4 M nitrate. Based upon these findings, new control limits were proposed that removed the minimum nitrite requirement within the chemistry envelope evaluated up to 50 °C.

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Reformer Pigtail Degradation Over 49 Years’ Service: A Case Study

Product Number: MECC23-20234-SG

Author: Ratnakar Kadikar, Abdulrahman Alrumaidh

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In Jan 2023, during reformer shutdown; one of the reformer inspections revealed cracks at hot collector and pigtail. Most of the cracks were on the surface and some of the cracks were through. Pigtail sample was removed, and it was taken for failure investigation to confirm the failure root cause.

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Regulatory Research On The Aging Management Of Structures, Systems, And Components In Nuclear Power Plants Supporting Long Term Operation

Product Number: ED22-18639-SG

Author: Mark Yoo, Matthew Hiser, Eric Focht, Carol Moyer, Amy Hull, Robert Tregoning

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper will focus on ongoing regulatory research related to aging management of reactor vessel internals, including measuring stress corrosion cracking initiation and growth rates, and developing a mechanistic understanding of other potential degradation modes, with a particular focus on issues that may be more important for operation beyond 80 years of life.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance