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Refinement Of Citric Acid Passivation Methods And Comparison To Traditional Nitric Acid Based Chemistries

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Traditional solutions for the chemical passivation of stainless steel are nitric acid based, with the addition of sodium dichromate as an inhibitor for precipitation hardened and free machining stainless steels. These passivation chemistries are difficult to handle from an environmental health and safety point of view, particularly the dichromate inhibited versions. Citric acid passivation has been pursued as a replacement for both nitric acid and inhibited nitric acid based chemistries for many years, and has been incorporated into consensus specifications such as ASTM A967 and SAE AMS2700.

Product Number: 51322-17628-SG
Author: David G. Enos, Derek Wichhart
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings and Linings , Coatings
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Citric acid passivation offers a promising alternative to nitric acid passivation, particularly for free machining and precipitation hardened stainless steels where the latter requires the addition of sodium dichromate. While citric acid passivation is defined in industry specifications such as ASTM(1) A967 and SAE(2) AMS2700, it is done with much less specificity than nitric acid passivation. This lack of specificity allows for conditions to be applied where inadequate passivation is achieved for some alloys. In this work, the citric acid passivation method has been explored and optimized for a range of common stainless steel alloys including a common austenitic alloy, AISI(3) 304L (UNS S30403), an austenitic free-machining alloy, 303 (UNS S30300), a ferritic free-machining alloy, 416 (UNS S41600), and precipitation hardened alloy, 17-4 PH (UNS S17400). A series of commercially available chemistries have also been explored.

Citric acid passivation offers a promising alternative to nitric acid passivation, particularly for free machining and precipitation hardened stainless steels where the latter requires the addition of sodium dichromate. While citric acid passivation is defined in industry specifications such as ASTM(1) A967 and SAE(2) AMS2700, it is done with much less specificity than nitric acid passivation. This lack of specificity allows for conditions to be applied where inadequate passivation is achieved for some alloys. In this work, the citric acid passivation method has been explored and optimized for a range of common stainless steel alloys including a common austenitic alloy, AISI(3) 304L (UNS S30403), an austenitic free-machining alloy, 303 (UNS S30300), a ferritic free-machining alloy, 416 (UNS S41600), and precipitation hardened alloy, 17-4 PH (UNS S17400). A series of commercially available chemistries have also been explored.

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