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The corrosion of aircraft costs the U.S. Department of Defense more than $20 billion annually and accounts for approximately 20% of all maintenance. Coatings are the most effective way to protect aircraft, but they have a finite lifetime and must be maintained or replaced before the underlying substrate is damaged by corrosion. Current aircraft maintenance practices call for coating inspections and repairs based on elapsed time and not on measurements of coating health.
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The corrosion is a spontaneous chemical reaction connected to heat exchangers and pipelines that degrades the strength and quality of utilized steel. The aggressive environment, which is ongoing, intense, and frequently difficult to totally prevent, is the key factor contributing to the metal's deterioration. Additionally, it demonstrates a serious economic problem that causes industrial operational assets to require expensive repairs, ruining the public space.
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a failure mechanism that occurs in susceptible materials exposed to a corrosive environment and submitted to tensile stress above a certain threshold. In the presence of these combined factors, SCC can occur and potentially lead to the failure of an asset. This failure mechanism has been widely reported in several susceptible alloys of carbon steel, making SCC a considerable threat for pipelines in contact with corrosive soil.
With the objective of reducing the number of welding passes in thick plate welding, hybrid laser-arc welding technique was utilized to one-pass weld 25mm thick steel plates. Butt joints were designed with a square groove and 2.5mm air gap. Either ceramic strip or submerged arc welding flux was used for joint backing. The joint gap was filled up with cut-wire particles of the same chemical compositions as those of the arc welding filler wire. Cut-wire particles were inserted to protect the backing material from direct interaction with the laser irradiation. Welding parameters were optimized to obtain full penetration joints without damaging the backing material. Square groove butt joints of 25mm thickness were successfully welded in one welding pass. Similarly, 50 mm thick square groove butt joints could be double-side welded
Industrial usage of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) has grown consistently in recent years, thanks to the improved characteristics imparted to the oxide film in terms of surface adhesion, hardness, crystallinity, uniformity, and corrosion resistance. The metallic substrate is not subjected to elevated temperature and the overall equipment complexity is relatively simple, making the technique a good candidate for surface functionalization. In PEO treatments, high voltages are employed (~ 150-750 V 1) allowing for the formation of an insulating, or at least semiconductive, oxide layer that’s limits ion transport responsible for the initial coating growth. Beyond the spark voltage (prerequisite the enter the PEO regime) oxidation does not occur only as the result of a continuous flow of ions but rather it takes place after the cooling of a plasma discharge.
High temperature sulfidation is one of the oldest damage mechanisms in the refining process such as crude distillation unit, vacuum distillation unit and hydroprocessing unit. Since corrosion proceeds to general corrosion and occurs in a high temperature environment, it is a type of corrosion that can lead to a large fire explosion when a leak occurs.
It is commonly known that 75% of coating failures can be attributed to improper surface preparation. This figure shows how challenging it is to get this step right. However, education can improve this number. The best learning comes from studying specific cases which illustrate challenging corrosion protection problems. In this paper, we present several examples of recent projects such as tank linings, tank floating roofs, paper mills, and upstream maintenance projects to show that optimizing surface preparation was a key step in success for the owner and contractor alike. In each of these cases, creative ideas and new technology helped achieve success. We will discuss these projects from the perspective of the coating manufacturer, equipment manufacturer and additional technology used to improve the coatings job.