AMPP Store - NACE Conference Papers

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Expanding Industry Access to Molecular Microbiological Methods: Development of an Off-the-Shelf Laboratory Workflow for qPCR and NGS Analysis

Product Number: 51319-13033-SG

Author: Neil Sharma

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Multiple families of microorganisms have been implicated in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) within the oil and gas industry as well as in other fields resulting in billions of dollars in damage annually. The ability to detect these organisms in a timely and accurate manner can allow for the implementation of appropriate treatment regimens that mitigate costs and minimize downtime.Molecular Microbiological Methods (MMMs) such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide unparalleled insight into microbial communities for diagnosing and managing MIC. However the routine application of MMMs by industry is still limited today due to high testing costs and access to only a relatively small number of commercial or internal company laboratories with MMM testing capabilities.Our recent work has focused on building a complete off-the-shelf laboratory workflow for conducting qPCR and NGS-based 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. This workflow includes: (1) easy-to-use kits for sample collection field sample preservation and nucleic acid extraction (2) a pre-optimized panel of qPCR assays targeting important MIC-related microorganisms such as Sulfate-Reducing Prokaryotes (SRPs) and (3) access to a secure online portal for automated processing and analysis of NGS data. The availability of this workflow will allow virtually any testing laboratory with moderately skilled personnel to quickly and confidently begin conducting MMM-based analyses. We report results encompassing the development and initial validation of this workflow using samples collected from oil and gas and wastewater facilities. This new workflow will significantly reduce testing costs help to standardize testing across laboratories and provide significantly greater industry access to these powerful analysis technologies.

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EXPECTED SERVICE LIFE AND COST CONSIDERATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE AND NEW CONSTRUCTION PROTECTIVE COATIN

Product Number: 51314-4088-SG

ISBN: 4088 2014 CP

Author: Jayson Helsel

Publication Date: 2014

$0.00

Update to “Expected Service Life and Cost Considerations for Maintenance and New Construction Protective Coating Work” - NACE Corrosion 2008. Assists the coatings engineer in identifying candidate protective coating systems for specific industrial environments.

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Experiences with Coating Systems Selection for the World Trade Center Transportation Hub

Product Number: 41212-667-SG

Author: John Bullard

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

The World Trade Center (WTC) Transportation Hub is a multi-billion-dollar project comprising WTC Tower One, the train station, and retail space. The structural steel and architectural elements require long-term corrosion and fire protection. The design of the buildings and various architectural elements within them presented many difficulties to providing the desired end-result.

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Experimental Evaluation Of Corrosion Modeling On Carbon Steel In Sub-Critical And Supercritical CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51321-16750-SG

Author: Chin-Hua “Jim” Cheng; Raymundo Case

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Experimental Evaluation of Water Transport Through Insulation

Product Number: 51319-13477-SG

Author: Jose Vera

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A simple set-up and methodology was developed to semi-quantitatively measure water transport (liquid and vapor) through intact insulation and damaged insulation when a thermal gradient across the insulation is maintained. The main objective was to contribute to a better understanding of water transport mechanism in different insulation materials which can be related to corrosion under insulation (CUI). Most tests were conducted using polyurethane insulation and for comparison purposes few tests were conducted with mineral wool insulation.Results from this study indicated different time scales for the following main processes affecting the moisture content at the metal/insulation interface which illustrated a potentially effective approach for CUI mitigation:<ul><li>Water transport from the environment to the metal surface through intact insulation.</li><li>Water transport from the environment to the metal surface through damaged insulation.</li><li>Water transport out of the metal surface through the insulation.

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Experimental Investigation on the Corrosion Rate of L80-1Cr Steel in Seawater and Formation Water From a North Sea Offshore Field in CO2 Atmosphere

Product Number: 51319-13061-SG

Author: Riccardo Rizzo

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

L80-1Cr is a common steel grade used in Oil & Gas applications as production tubing. This grade has been successfully employed in the industry for decades. However the used of injecting seawater (water flooding) as a mean of enhancing oil recovery significantly increases the risk of corrosion failure of the tubulars present in the well. When water is injected it will first displace the formation water already present in the reservoir which will enter in the production tubing together with the oil. With time the produced water chemistry will change from formation to seawater. Together with this other parameters like lower temperature and pH as a result of water flooding may have a significant impact on the corrosion resistance of tubing materials. Therefore the purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of the seawater and formation water on the corrosion behavior of L80-1Cr in an oil production environment. The composition of the two waters and the testing condition replicates the real field situations experienced by operators in the Danish sector of the North Sea. The effect of Ca2+ and temperature are evaluated. Experiments were carried out at ambient pressure in a three-electrode cell setup. The atmosphere constituted of pure CO2 at three different temperatures namely: 40˚C 60˚C and 80. Linear Polarization and potentiodynamic sweeps were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior. The corrosion products and precipitates were analyzed using XRD SEM-EDS. Calcium carbonate together with amorphous iron carbonate was the main product found on the surfaces and it made the deposit more porous and brittle and therefore less protective.

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Experimentation to Develop a Quantitative Method for Characterizing the Level of Flash Rusting Formed on Carbon Steel after Ultra High Pressure Waterjetting

Product Number: 41206-253-SG

Author: Moavin Islam, Wayne McGaulley, James Tagert

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

High pressure (HP) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) waterjetting for coating removal and surface preparation has several advantages compared to the industry standard abrasive grit blasting process. However, a major drawback of waterjetting is subsequent flash rusting of the steel surface. The color of the flash rust is typically orange, red, or brown of various shades depending on the color of the underlying steel, the nature of the surrounding environment, and the duration of exposure to the environment.

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Exploration of the Influence of Microbe Availability on MIC of Steel Marine Fouling Environments

Product Number: 51319-13461-SG

Author: Samanbar Permeh

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Anomalous localized corrosion of submerged steel H-piles was detected in a Florida bridge spanning over a brackish river. Microbiological and chemical analysis of the waters samples showed high population of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and high concentration of sulfate ions. The steel piles had noticeable heavy marine growth which were thought to have an effect on corrosion process by supporting biofilm development creating localized corrosion and differential aeration cells. As part of ongoing research to identify the role of physical properties of macrofouling on the aggravation of microbiologically influences corrosion(MIC) of submerged steel bridge the objective of the work presented here was to identify the influence of microbe availability to promote SRB proliferation under occluded and porous fouling spaces and development of MIC there. Both laboratory and field exposure tests were conducted. Laboratory experiments were carried out in nutrient-rich environments inoculated with SRB with both occluded and porous crevice conditions characteristic of hard and soft marine fouling. Field exposure tests included long term exposure of steel coupons subjected to varying submersion depths in the river at the Florida bridge site. Electrochemical tests included the measurement of open circuit potential (OCP) linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was confirmed that SRB proliferation can occur as the macroorganism can accommodate different environmental condition. Occurrence of severe corrosion conditions was shown to be possible in the presence of macrofoulers and SRB.

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Exploring CO2 Annular Corrosion In Flexible Pipes At Different Pressures

Product Number: 51321-16796-SG

Author: Maira Eleni Mitzithra; John Rothwell; Shiladitya Paul; Fabricio Pinheiro dos Santos

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Exploring High Pressure CO2 Annular Corrosion in Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51320-14740-SG

Author: Maria Eleni Mitzithra, Shiladitya Paul, John Rothwell, Fabricio Pinheiro dos Santos

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

This paper focuses on the corrosion behaviour of high strength flexible wire material immersed in de-aerated 3.5% NaCl solution under 40bar CO2 partial pressure at different test temperatures: 30°C, 40°C and 60°C; different CO2 fluxflux: 0.1ml/min/cm2 and 0.0008ml/min/cm2; different volume of solution to surface area of sample (V/S) ratios: 1ml/cm2 and 0.3ml/cm2 and test durations: 2 and 4 months. The tests were carried out in a lab-scale test system designed and built at TWI Ltd for the simulation of complex annulus environments. The corrosion rates and the maximum depth of the localized attack for tests at different temperatures were recorded as: 30°C>60°C>40°C. This is linked with the stability, structure and thickness of the precipitated iron carbonate scaling. The lowest corrosion rate was recorded for the test with the lowest V/S and slowest CO2 flux, linked with a thin and compact iron carbonate layer. The effect of the flow and degree of confinement are significant at high CO2 partial pressures.

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Extended Connectivity of Zinc Pigments to Provide Enhanced Galvanic Coupling by Partial Replacement with Nanoparticles

Product Number: 51319-13470-SG

Author: Saiada Fuadi Fancy

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Coatings are widely used to mitigate corrosion of highway steel bridges in aggressive exposure environments. Zinc-rich-primer three-coat (ZRP) systems have been used since the 1980’s. However coating failure of ZRP has been identified within 15 years of application well short of typical 75 year bridge design service life. Most of the reported coating failure included corrosion undercutting blistering and delamination. Partial replacement of zinc pigments with nanoparticles in ZRP coating systems have been shown to provide beneficial physical chemical and mechanical properties. These enhanced qualities may provide enhanced performance to mitigate premature coating failure. Earlier research showed that the nanoparticle enriched primer provided comparable corrosion resistance in aggressive environments as conventional three-coat systems. Nonetheless coating performance can be compromised by inappropriate surface preparation before coating application. Exposure to high humidity and surface contaminants (hygroscopic salt) as well as noncompliance to proper anchor profile requirements can initiate coating failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface preparation with varying surface contaminants on the corrosion performance of a nanoparticle enriched zinc rich epoxy coating (NPE-ZRP) system. Adverse environmental condition exposure to different level of humidity (5% 75% and 100% RH) water immersion and salt contamination were incorporated before the coating application. After adverse exposure NPE-ZRP coating and a traditional ZRP coating (as a reference) were applied over the coupons. Cyclic testing in alternate wet/dry exposure was done for ~5 months. Coating and corrosion behavior was analyzed during the wet exposure of the cyclic testing by Open Circuit Potential (OPC) Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Physical parameters such as changes in coating thickness pull-off strength and cross-sectional micro-graphic analysis were also assessed to elucidate the extent of coating degradation.

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Extended Understanding of Inhibition Mechanism of New Corrosion Inhibitor via Electrochemical Measurements and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

Product Number: 51317--9403-SG

ISBN: 9403 2017 CP

Author: Mary Jane Felipe

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A new corrosion inhibitor was developed and successfully applied in the field and the inhibition mechanism was investigated. In this paper, a combination of electrochemical and surface studies was used to shed light upon the corrosion inhibition mechanism.

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance