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Exploring CO2 Annular Corrosion In Flexible Pipes At Different Pressures

Picture for Exploring CO2 Annular Corrosion In Flexible Pipes At Different Pressures
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Product Number: 51321-16796-SG
Author: Maira Eleni Mitzithra; John Rothwell; Shiladitya Paul; Fabricio Pinheiro dos Santos
Publication Date: 2021
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This paper presents in situ pH and corrosion rate results obtained from the tests carried out at 20bar CO2, for flexible wire material, in 3.5% NaCl, at 30°C, 40°C and 60°C with a CO2 gas flow rate of 0.001ml/min/cm2, a V/S ratio of 1ml/cm2 and a duration of 2 months. These are compared with tests at 40 barg CO2, presented in previously published work, and tests at 1barg CO2, 5barg CO2 and 10barg CO2 for similar annular test conditions. In general, the pH and corrosion behaviour were related to dissolved iron concentration, precipitation kinetics and scale formation on the surface of the specimens. The lowest corrosion rate was recorded for the test with the lowest V/S and CO2 flux which featured a thin and compact iron carbonate layer. For a given V/A ratio and CO2 flux, changes in the long term in­ situ pH and corrosion rates were found to become less significant as CO2 increases beyond 20barg and temperatures increase beyond 40°C. Different carbonated morphologies were apparent and related to the test conditions.

This paper presents in situ pH and corrosion rate results obtained from the tests carried out at 20bar CO2, for flexible wire material, in 3.5% NaCl, at 30°C, 40°C and 60°C with a CO2 gas flow rate of 0.001ml/min/cm2, a V/S ratio of 1ml/cm2 and a duration of 2 months. These are compared with tests at 40 barg CO2, presented in previously published work, and tests at 1barg CO2, 5barg CO2 and 10barg CO2 for similar annular test conditions. In general, the pH and corrosion behaviour were related to dissolved iron concentration, precipitation kinetics and scale formation on the surface of the specimens. The lowest corrosion rate was recorded for the test with the lowest V/S and CO2 flux which featured a thin and compact iron carbonate layer. For a given V/A ratio and CO2 flux, changes in the long term in­ situ pH and corrosion rates were found to become less significant as CO2 increases beyond 20barg and temperatures increase beyond 40°C. Different carbonated morphologies were apparent and related to the test conditions.

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Picture for Exploring High Pressure CO2 Annular Corrosion in Flexible Pipes
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Exploring High Pressure CO2 Annular Corrosion in Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51320-14740-SG
Author: Maria Eleni Mitzithra, Shiladitya Paul, John Rothwell, Fabricio Pinheiro dos Santos
Publication Date: 2020
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This paper focuses on the corrosion behaviour of high strength flexible wire material immersed in de-aerated 3.5% NaCl solution under 40bar CO2 partial pressure at different test temperatures: 30°C, 40°C and 60°C; different CO2 fluxflux: 0.1ml/min/cm2 and 0.0008ml/min/cm2; different volume of solution to surface area of sample (V/S) ratios: 1ml/cm2 and 0.3ml/cm2 and test durations: 2 and 4 months. The tests were carried out in a lab-scale test system designed and built at TWI Ltd for the simulation of complex annulus environments. The corrosion rates and the maximum depth of the localized attack for tests at different temperatures were recorded as: 30°C>60°C>40°C. This is linked with the stability, structure and thickness of the precipitated iron carbonate scaling. The lowest corrosion rate was recorded for the test with the lowest V/S and slowest CO2 flux, linked with a thin and compact iron carbonate layer. The effect of the flow and degree of confinement are significant at high CO2 partial pressures. 
Picture for 05551 CO2 Corrosion Prediction Model - Basic
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05551 CO2 Corrosion Prediction Model - Basic Principles

Product Number: 51300-05551-SG
ISBN: 05551 2005 CP
Author: Stein Olsen, Statoil ASA; Anne Marie Halvorsen, Norsk Hydro ASA; Per G. Lunde, Norsk Hydro Americas;
Publication Date: 2005
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The NORSOK M-506 is an empirical model based on experiments undertaken in a single phase water flow loop. The data is from experiments with low content of iron ions in the water phase, and the model is thus regarded to give a fair representation of the maximum corrosion rate in a CO2 corrosion controlled system.
Picture for The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems
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51318-11623-The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems

Product Number: 51318-11623-SG
Author: Tatiana C. Almeida / Oscar R. Mattos / Rogaciano M. Moreira / Merlin C. E. Bandeira
Publication Date: 2018
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The corrosion mechanism of X65 carbon steel was evaluated in water environment by increasing CO2 partial pressure from 1 bar at 24 °C to 110 bar at 40 °C, reaching conditions that include water saturated with supercritical CO2.
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