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Exploring High Pressure CO2 Annular Corrosion in Flexible Pipes

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This paper focuses on the corrosion behaviour of high strength flexible wire material immersed in de-aerated 3.5% NaCl solution under 40bar CO2 partial pressure at different test temperatures: 30°C, 40°C and 60°C; different CO2 fluxflux: 0.1ml/min/cm2 and 0.0008ml/min/cm2; different volume of solution to surface area of sample (V/S) ratios: 1ml/cm2 and 0.3ml/cm2 and test durations: 2 and 4 months. The tests were carried out in a lab-scale test system designed and built at TWI Ltd for the simulation of complex annulus environments. The corrosion rates and the maximum depth of the localized attack for tests at different temperatures were recorded as: 30°C>60°C>40°C. This is linked with the stability, structure and thickness of the precipitated iron carbonate scaling. The lowest corrosion rate was recorded for the test with the lowest V/S and slowest CO2 flux, linked with a thin and compact iron carbonate layer. The effect of the flow and degree of confinement are significant at high CO2 partial pressures. 

Product Number: 51320-14740-SG
Author: Maria Eleni Mitzithra, Shiladitya Paul, John Rothwell, Fabricio Pinheiro dos Santos
Publication Date: 2020
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Picture for The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems
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51318-11623-The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems

Product Number: 51318-11623-SG
Author: Tatiana C. Almeida / Oscar R. Mattos / Rogaciano M. Moreira / Merlin C. E. Bandeira
Publication Date: 2018
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The corrosion mechanism of X65 carbon steel was evaluated in water environment by increasing CO2 partial pressure from 1 bar at 24 °C to 110 bar at 40 °C, reaching conditions that include water saturated with supercritical CO2.
Picture for 06112 FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF CO2 METAL LOSS
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06112 FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF CO2 METAL LOSS CORROSION – PART II: INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS ON CO2 CORROSION MECHANISMS

Product Number: 51300-06112-SG
ISBN: 06112 2006 CP
Author: Guenter Schmitt, Michaela Hörstemeier
Publication Date: 2006
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The literature has been reviewed with respect to information gained in the recent 20 years on CO2 corrosion of materials used in the oil and gas industry. The paper discusses the effect of materials related, medium-related and interface-related parameters on general (uniform) and localized corrosion.  Part II
Picture for 05551 CO2 Corrosion Prediction Model - Basic
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05551 CO2 Corrosion Prediction Model - Basic Principles

Product Number: 51300-05551-SG
ISBN: 05551 2005 CP
Author: Stein Olsen, Statoil ASA; Anne Marie Halvorsen, Norsk Hydro ASA; Per G. Lunde, Norsk Hydro Americas;
Publication Date: 2005
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The NORSOK M-506 is an empirical model based on experiments undertaken in a single phase water flow loop. The data is from experiments with low content of iron ions in the water phase, and the model is thus regarded to give a fair representation of the maximum corrosion rate in a CO2 corrosion controlled system.
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