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For many years MnMoNi alloy steels (ASME SA-533 type B or type C class 2) have been used in the substitution of carbon steels for the manufacture of equipment when weight reduction is critical. Nevertheless the use of these low alloy steels for equipment in sour service remains limited as their weldability is considered challenging. This paper aims at introducing an optimized chemical analysis based on material ASME SA-533 type E class 2. Test results on base metal and welded coupons will be described especially with respect to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2. Corrosion tests in amine solution done on SA-533 type E class 2 and carbon steel ASME SA-516 Gradde 65 are also be provided that show the low alloy steel behaves at least as well as the reference carbon steel.
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Saudi Aramco coating standards have been holding a great status of prestige, not only in the Arabian Gulf area, but all around the world. Due to the size and significance of Saudi Aramco as one of the largest oil-and-gas producers in the world, the coating applications for its facilities had to follow suit. Yet, the coating standards were also interconnected with the coating industry, its limitations and old practices.
This paper will cover understanding the hot-dip galvanizing process and coating benefits, Identify the benefits of utilizing paint/powder coating with hot-dip galvanizing in a duplex system, Recognize the importance of communication and clear assignments of responsibility in the specification of successful duplex systems and differentiate between HDG surface conditions in order to properly prepare the zinc coating for paint/powder.
Bridge painting in the Northeast part of the country can be a challenge for the owner, their inspection staff and the contractor. Much the same as living in the northeast though a harsh winter, if planning and preparations are not done it could be a long cold season.
Over 30 percent of the 607,000 bridges in the FHWA National Bridge Inventory have steel superstructures. Most of those are protected from corrosion damage by thin film coatings or paints. Those coatings have a finite life in relation to the steel they protect. Over time, they degrade, eventually requiring repair or replacement. When selecting this type of superstructure for a bridge, the operating agency incurs an obligation to maintain the coating on the steel to protect it from corrosion to obtain its full service life.
As part of a 25-year non-intrusive inspection strategy for a newly constructed API 620 ammonia storage tank the modified shell-to-bottom weld was recommended to be examined using an UT technique. The modification of this corner weld comprised a novel design of a double-sided full penetration fillet weld specified to exceed the tank minimum design code requirements. This paper discusses the weld code requirements the weld modification details the procedure development for weld examination as well as the successful application of the examination technique using UT phased-array; including the examination results evaluation which were supported by FEA calculations. Consideration of the work presented herein would contribute to improved design and quality of storage tank shell-to-bottom fillet welds.
Coker furnace tube failures in delayed coking units at refineries can have a major impact on safety and reliability. Alloy 800HT coker furnace tubes experienced higher than expected corrosion rates at a few refineries in the United States. A metallurgical evaluation of the corroded coker furnace tubes indicated sulfidation corrosion to be the main operating damage mechanism. The presence of nickel in the alloy 800HT rendered it more susceptible to sulfidation possibly due to formation of nickel sulfide eutectic phases that have low melting points. The sensitization of alloy 800HT during operation also increased the susceptibility towards sulfidation. Other possible damage mechanisms such as carburization creep and naphthenic acid corrosion were absent
NACE TM0177 Method D corrosion test is used on low alloyed steels in sour environments. A DCB testing program has been performed on 125 ksi grade sour service casings and couplings in 0.07 bar H2S gas for solving these issues and for providing meaningful KISSC values.