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Sucker Rod Materials - Metallurgical Quality Evaluation And Its Influence On General Corrosion Resistance

Picture for Sucker Rod Materials - Metallurgical Quality Evaluation And Its Influence On General Corrosion Resistance
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Product Number: 51321-16733-SG
Author: Aleksey Shakhmatov; William Howie; Oscar Martinez; Robert Badrak; Rodrigo Barreto
Publication Date: 2021
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Sucker rod pumps are widely used in artificial lift technology of Oil & Gas production. Corrosion, fatigue and corrosion-fatigue are common failure modes that limit life of the sucker rods that drive these pumps. Of these, corrosion fatigue is probably the most common. The initiation site for corrosion fatigue is typically a corrosion pit. The factors that contribute to the formation of corrosion pits were investigated. Four different sucker rod materials were evaluated with respect to (1) chemistry, (2) nonmetallic inclusion content and (3) microstructural investigation including banding severity. It was concluded that microstructural banding has a negative influence on the general corrosion rates. The higher values of quantitively measured banding lead to increased general corrosion rates. The electrochemical potential differences between the light and dark bands is proposed as the cause of locally accelerated corrosion resulting in pits. The dark bands in the less corrosion resistant samples were lower bainite and these were presented as being more anodic.

Sucker rod pumps are widely used in artificial lift technology of Oil & Gas production. Corrosion, fatigue and corrosion-fatigue are common failure modes that limit life of the sucker rods that drive these pumps. Of these, corrosion fatigue is probably the most common. The initiation site for corrosion fatigue is typically a corrosion pit. The factors that contribute to the formation of corrosion pits were investigated. Four different sucker rod materials were evaluated with respect to (1) chemistry, (2) nonmetallic inclusion content and (3) microstructural investigation including banding severity. It was concluded that microstructural banding has a negative influence on the general corrosion rates. The higher values of quantitively measured banding lead to increased general corrosion rates. The electrochemical potential differences between the light and dark bands is proposed as the cause of locally accelerated corrosion resulting in pits. The dark bands in the less corrosion resistant samples were lower bainite and these were presented as being more anodic.

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Investigation of the Corrosion Performance of Stainless Steel and Low Alloy Steel Sucker Rod Materials in Aggressive Environments

Product Number: 51320-14321-SG
Author: Aleksey Shakhmatov, Oscar Martinez, Robert Badrak, Sergey Kolesov, Rodrigo Barreto, William Howie
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The corrosion resistance of sucker rod materials can be a significant concern, especially in aggressive service environments with high acid gas concentrations. Corrosion-related failures have been associated with increased levels of produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The presence of corrosion damage, which is characterized by local material dissolution and pitting formation under the influence of CO2 and/or H2S, provides the initiation sites in a fatigue cracking mechanism. The fatigue crack propagation in corrosion aggressive environments is associated with the following factors: (1) local tensile stress concentration at crack tip, and (2) local corrosion dissolution. Therefore, using a material that tends to re-passivate as it interacts with the environment would be the optimum solution in order to mitigate the likelihood of field failures and reduce overall operating costs. Regarding passive film disruption processes abrasion and high temperature influences were not considered at this stage of the present study and repassivation kinetics were not measured. Conventional sucker rod production processes include normalize and temper (N&T) or quench and temper (Q&T) heat treatments to meet desired strength levels of low alloy steels. In order to enhance the corrosion properties and provide a resistant sucker rod solution, 13Cr martensitic stainless steel may provide a viable alternative to low alloys steels. This paper focuses on the characterization of 13Cr sucker rod material by comparing the general corrosion and corrosion fatigue performance with low-alloy steels. 
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Development of Sucker Rods for Aggressive Environments

Product Number: 51317--8944-SG
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A Cr-Mo-B-Ti low alloyed steel, with a special quenched and tempered heat treatment, was designed. Corrosion fatigue resistance of the new material was evaluated at lab scale. Field tests are being carried out in 26 wells where sucker rods had failed for years.
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