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The current process for coating large metal substrates, such as the decks of naval ships, requires pretreatment, primer, and topcoat steps. Developing a coating that can combine these steps into one would significantly reduce the labor costs and application time, which are significantly more expensive than the coating itself. This research shows the development of a self-stratifying alkyd coating.
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Selling Up and not Selling Out is all about being selective regarding how you conduct your painting contractor business. You can charge more and thus generate higher profits for each job by following a sound business formula.
Additively manufactured (AM) Nickel Titanium and Cobalt base alloys have been drastically developed for turbine sour gas and medical applications. It was earlier reported that low porosity AM N06210 that is 82 points of pitting resistance equivalent number by selective laser melting method showed corrosion rates in several acidic solutions similar to the ones of wrought N06210 alloys the corrosion rates of AM N06210 became higher with increasing porosity of the specimens and corrosion resistance dependency on building direction is unclear. Present paper reports dependency of pit and crevice corrosion sensitivity of AM N06210 on building direction and porosity in green death solution. Mechanical property of AM N06210 is also reported.
With the increasing global energy demand, the transportation volume of natural gas increases rapidly, and pipeline transportation has become the most commonly used transportation mode of natural gas. Hydrogen is produced as a byproduct of ethylene production from ethane. Hydrogen is flammable and explosive. If it is directly discharged into the atmosphere, there are some safety risks. As a kind of efficient and clean secondary energy, hydrogen can not only avoid energy waste, but also increase economic benefit if it is mixed into natural gas pipeline.
Nickel alloy C-276 is nominally a single-phase corrosion-resistant alloy used in a wide variety of applications particularly in the chemical process industries. Rich in alloying elements like Mo and Cr that promote corrosion resistance the grain boundary precipitation of mu (µ) phase is avoided since it is typically associated with sensitization. Recent work by the present authors to create an atlas of microstructures for this alloy included experimental validation of calculated Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) curves as a function of variation in alloying elements within the composition space specified for the alloy. Precipitation of the intermetallic mu (µ) phase was experimentally determined to be the exclusive result of the heat treatment regimens applied to verify the positions and shapes of calculated TTT curves. The present work is an empirical investigation of the sensitization behavior of alloy C-276 as a function of mu precipitation – generating Time-Temperature-Sensitization (TTS) curves that can be directly compared to empirical TTT behavior.
Protective coatings exposed to sunlight must withstand multiple environmental stresses: ultraviolet light, moisture, heat, corrosive chlorides and other salts, and atmospheric pollutants. Two decades after the publication of a sequential UV and cyclic salt spray test method in ASTM D5894, some efforts to create better and more predictive test methods have focused on delivering both UV and salt spray in a single chamber and adding additional stresses such as ozone exposure, air pressure fluctuations, atmospheric pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, and other environmental factors.
This paper will present two case studies of pre-mature failure of process equipment in seawater service which will illustrate the influence of metallurgical structure on the service performance of Nickel-Aluminum Bronze in marine environments.
As composite repairs continue to be utilized more frequently the knowledge base of the composite manufacturers installers and the end users has continued to increase as well. The information to be discussed looks to address the “best practices” of the industry by briefly examining each major step within the repair process and highlighting key aspects that are often overlooked or not considered important. Intended for both composite repair novices and industry experts this presentation is split into three primary categories – design installation and inspection.The design portion in this presentation discusses key concerns prior to installation and includes topics such as choosing the right material for the scenario and having a sufficient design document. The next major topic of discussion involves the installation process. When something goes awry with a repair the first victim in any witch-hunt tends to be the installer. This focus on the installer will be re-examined throughout the presentation by looking at deficiencies in training methods and supporting installation documents. Lastly key points about the inspection process will be addressed such as what types of defects should be looked for and what constitutes an unacceptable defect?
For years, accelerated weathering test equipment has been utilized to showcase performance of coatings as a means to justify changing to new and “better” materials. While an accelerated weatherometer is useful in confirming a material’s performance, the results can be misleading in certain situations, resulting in misguided decisions based on a marketing department’s zeal to secure additional sales.
Plural-component coatings have historically presented numerous challenges for contractors, with significant material, time, and labor costs tied to mixing two or more components prior to application. After the components are mixed, logistics issues can also arise, with limited time available to apply the coating.
This paper explores four cases of cuprosolvency defined as accelerated uniform corrosion of copper plumbing materials. Cuprosolvency goes far beyond blue-tinted water or stained porcelain and often results in severe pipe wall thinning. Its contributory factors differ from those associated with pinhole corrosion and other localized corrosion mechanisms involving copper or its alloys. Multiple water attributes in various and sometimes unexpected combinations were implicated. Modern water treatment practices including operational and design issues introduce avoidable risks for cuprosolvency as discussed in several case studies.Four situations involved very different root causes and impacts: (1) copper pipe wall thinning throughout a university campus due to specific attributes of the municipal water in combination with the university’s operations of hot water recirculating systems; (2) a vacation community’s problem with exceedances of the EPA Action Level for copper in potable water resulting from a transient drop in pH of the source water; (3) periodic cuprosolvency at a large public facility due to a design flaw in their softening system with damaging side effects on galvanized pipe; and (4) newly-imposed copper discharge limits leading a small city’s wastewater plant to look upstream to the city’s industrial and residential users for cuprosolvency effects.