AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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On the Susceptibility of Precipitation Hardened Nickel Alloys to Hydrogen Assisted Cracking

Product Number: 51319-12846-SG

Author: Roberto Morana

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Precipitation Hardened (PH) Nickel alloys have been widely used in the Oil & Gas Industry for decades as these materials offer high strength and outstanding corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. They are commonly used in high-strength components in downhole wellhead subsea and Christmas tree equipment. However high profile failures of equipment have occurred including tubing hangers cross-overs and subsea bolts with alloys such as UNS N07718 UNS N07716 or UNS N07725. In all these cases the mechanism identified was Hydrogen Assisted Cracking (HAC) as the result of the interaction between atomic hydrogen adsorbed by the alloy and its microstructure.PH Nickel alloys are all subject to precipitation of secondary and tertiary phases which if processed improperly (particularly during hot working and heat treatment) may adversely affect the material properties required for the intended application. Despite the number of scientific and technical contributions produced over the last years the interaction between these complex microstructural features and atomic hydrogen is still not understood and is further complicated by variations in testing approaches used to simulate severe hydrogen charging conditions. The present paper provides insights on the HAC failure mechanism for API 6ACRA PH Nickel alloys comparing findings from numerous studies. In addition implications for currently adopted standards and emerging specifications are also presented and discussed.

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ON THE TOPOGRAPHICAL AND PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF REBLASTING A PREVIOUSLY PREPARED STEEL SUBSTRATE

Product Number: 51218-141-SG

Author: Carl Reed, Kat Coronado

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Of recent interest in the coatings world, is what to do when an abrasive blasted substrate does not meet the specified profile. For example, if the blast profile on a steel surface exceeds the specification limit, can the surface be reblasted with smaller abrasive blast media to reduce the profile into meeting the specification? At SSPC 2017 a paper was presented which addressed this scenario and found that the profile can be reduced using such reblasting process.

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On the Topographical and Performance Effects of Underblasted and Reblasted Carbon Steel Substrate

Product Number: 51220-278-SG

Author: Carl Reed, Kat Coronado, Heather Cui

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

In this study, the effect on coating corrosion resistance after remediating an under-blasted then remediated to standard preparation is undertaken. In this work, it is proposed to under-blast one set of panels (~1 mil profile), blast to standard one set of panels (~3 mil profile) and remediate to standard a set of under-blasted panels (from ~1 mil profile to ~ 3 mil profile).

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On the weldability and corrosion resistance of alloy UNS N08827 – a further improvement of alloy UNS N08825

Product Number: 51323-18847-SG

Author: Julia Botinha, Martin Wolf, Helena Alves

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Recently, the nickel-based alloy UNS N08827, commercially known as VDM ® Alloy 825 CTP(3), has been presented to the oil and gas industry as an alloy that has been developed to fill in the existing gap between both UNS N08825 and UNS N06625 in terms of localized corrosion resistance. It is a solid-solution nickel alloy with chemical composition similar to UNS N08825, except for its doubled molybdenum content and the no addition of titanium.

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One Component Waterborne Resins for Direct-to-Metal Applications

Product Number: 41211-653-SG

Author: Raymond S. Stewart

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

Direct-to-metal (DTM) is a coating characteristic required in many markets. In particular, the light industrial and do it yourself markets require simple easy to use one component formulations. The ever-changing market requirements compel the formulator to stay current on new resin developments to meet these challenges.

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One Reason, Three Solutions

Product Number: 41205-204-SG

Author: Brandon Seigel

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

Pacific Northwest contractor faces numerous obstacles during the application of 100,000 square feet of high density fireproofing, but uses knowledge to answer challenges as well as critics.

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One-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersion (PUD) Topcoat TwoComponent Polyurethane Performance

Product Number: 41206-296-SG

Author: Wendy Zhao

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

A newly developed one-component waterborne polyurethane dispersion (PUD) topcoat, with VOC below 200 G/L, offers exterior durability, color and gloss retention and chemical resistance comparable to two-component solventborne and waterborne polyurethane coatings.

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Online Asset and Integrity Monitoring to Enhance Safety, Reliability and Profitability

Product Number: MECC23-20244-SG

Author: Ammar Almousa; William Fazackerley

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Over the past decades cost pressure in oil refining has increased, especially in Europe where the consumption of oil products is decreasing over time. Refineries are investigating ways to increase margin and, given that they account for around 80% of total refinery expenditure, reduction of crude oil cost is a key factor. One way of doing this is to purchase cheaper and generally less desirable crude from global markets.

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Online Continuous Corrosion Monitoring for Detection Monitoring and Control of Localized Corrosion

Product Number: 51317--9065-SG

ISBN: 9065 2017 CP

Author: Jake Davies

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The authors will demonstrate that deploying only a modest number of point measurement devices in an area of elevated localized corrosion risk will provide the best possible combination of probability of detection (POD) as well as ongoing wall thickness monitoring for localized corrosion attack.

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On-Line Real Time Electrochemical Corrosion Monitoring in Low Conductivity Fluids – Sulfolane Aromatic Extraction – Part 2

Product Number: 51319-13153-SG

Author: Slawomir Kus

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

On-line real time corrosion monitoring in processes featuring low conductivity fluids akin to sulfolane aromatic extraction have represented a challenge for traditional electrochemical techniques. Sulfolane specific conductance that is typically about 5mS/cm enables proper determination of corrosion current with standard Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) technology. Other electrochemical techniques such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) or Zero Resistance Ammetry (ZRA) are useful mostly in laboratory practice but offer little or no utility for field-operational regime. Therefore corrosion processes in sulfolane units are mostly monitored by time-lagging techniques like electrical resistance (ER) and corrosion coupons or by purely qualitative approaches utilizing sulfolane color as the “corrosion indicator”.The authors’ earlier work on multi-electrochemical industrial corrosion monitoring technique integrating impedance measurement Electrochemical Noise (ECN) and Harmonic Distortion Analysis showed demonstrable efficacy in fast and accurate determination of instantaneous corrosion rate in low-conductivity sulfolane solutions. Initial data generated showed that properly adjusted surface area of the electrode facilitates attainment of stable corrosion trends in sulfolane solutions at conductance of about 2-5 mS/cm. Rapid response of the sensor to process changes (temperature oxygen water) in both general and localized modes was also observed.The current paper provides additional data and insights from the authors’ continuing research on sulfolane corrosivity utilizing industrial-type corrosion sensors. Results from comprehensive evaluation of properties of the aqueous phase as well as other relevant process parameters on general and localized corrosion of ferrous metallurgy in sulfolane applications are presented in this paper. Keywords: on-line corrosion monitoring electrochemical sulfolane aromatic extraction

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On-Line Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring Techniques Under Co2 - Brine Environment – Comparative Study

Product Number: 51317--9040-SG

ISBN: 9040 2017 CP

Author: Hui Li

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Injection water/brine handling systems are important elements of the oil & gas field operations. This comparative study offers insights relevant to accuracy, sensitivity and responsiveness of different corrosion monitoring techniques in brine environment.

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Online Seam Treatment of ERW pipes for proper material selection, process control and toughness improvement

Product Number: MPWT19-14408

Author: C. Cincunegui, M. Coloschi, P. Marino, E. Martínez, and M. Valdez

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) pipes X60M / X65M API 5L PSL2, with resistance to ductile fracture propagation as per API 5L PSL2 Annex G [1] are achieved not only by setting the proper welding parameters and the steel cleanliness, but also by a combination of metallurgical processes affecting the final weld line and HAZ microstructure. The steel chemistry is the starting point to minimize the presence of inclusions, central segregation and the toughness impairment due to harmful elements, S, P, etc. on the pipe body, with a given casting and rolling technology. During the welding process, the right parameters combination is needed to avoid cold weld, penetrators, and other weld imperfections. At the last stage, the Seam Heat Treatment (SHT) has to be adjusted in a way that the steel response to the thermal cycles leads to the compliance of mechanical requirements at the weld line and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). This heat treatment is performed through electromagnetic induction using several coils, which allows it to have a rapid and localized heating of the HAZ into the austenitic region, and that is followed by air cooling. The objective is to refine the structure and to eliminate brittle constituents around the weld line. As the SHT strongly affects the weld performance, the optimum processing conditions such as austenitization temperature and cooling rate may not be the same for all steel chemistry, and has to be carefully selected. The capability to model the thermal cycle after the ERW process and the understanding of the metallurgical behavior of different steel chemistries and dimensional configuration becomes the main target of any ERW pipe manufacturer aiming supply reliable Line Pipes as per API 5L PSL2 Annex G. In this work, a numerical thermal model of the SHT is presented along with validation and simulation results. A summary of metallurgical thermal cycle simulations by means of a Gleeble® 3500, applied on different steels is also included.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance