AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Materials Performance of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Individual and Mixed Acids

Product Number: 51317--9409-SG

ISBN: 9409 2017 CP

Author: Ajit Mishra

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In the present study, corrosion tests were performed using both weight loss and electrochemical techniques for Ni-Cr-Mo (W) alloys in hydrochloric (HCl), sulfuric (H2SO4), nitric (HNO3) acids and their various combinations.

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Materials Selection Challenges for Geothermal Energy Projects

Product Number: 51317--9258-SG

ISBN: 9258 2017 CP

Author: Keith Lichti

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper describes some of the materials and process challenges facing geothermal energy developers targeting efficiency improvements and extremes of aggressive geothermal fluid chemistries and temperatures.

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Materials Selection For Seawater Injection Service – Crevice Corrosion Testing Of Stainless Steels Under Controlled Dissolved Oxygen

Product Number: 51321-16527-SG

Author: K. J. Evans/ S. Chawla/ W. Huang

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Maximizing Materials Utility through a Next Life Optimization Process

Product Number: 51324-20604-SG

Author: William Kovacs; Christopher David Taylor

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The carbon footprint of assets will increasingly be of importance to obtain beneficial, economic, social and environmental outcomes of design and engineering projects. Inclusion of a Next Life strategy at asset or product end-of-life can significantly reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of First Life assets and Next Life reuses compared to the same uses made from virgin material or recycled content. Traditional engineering design and asset management often only plan for initial use and the management or maintenance strategies necessary to extend First Life, where the First Life is the primary engineering role of the asset. Critically missing from this picture are the costs and environmental impacts incurred throughout the asset or product lifecycle, especially associated with the end-of-life of an asset. A Next Life optimization process for these decisions is described herein that can aid in maximizing the overall Materials Sustainability and Materials Utility (i.e., longevity of fruitful usage) embedded in assets. It consists of appraisal, brainstorming, partnering and evaluation of beneficial impact for particular Next Life options allowing the benefits they can provide to First Life and Next Life opportunities. These benefits can include a reduction in carbon footprint over a lifecycle, cost savings related to GHG emissions, cost savings related to reused material/labor for Next Life assets, or other beneficial impact (even if increased financial cost). The process includes a qualitative conceptual assessment that can feed into a more detailed quantitative assessment for optimization of Next Life materials usage.

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MEA Triazine Contactor Optimization to Increase Efficiency and Reduce Fouling Potential

Product Number: 51324-20391-SG

Author: Willem-Louis Marais

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Liquid absorbents have been utilized for decades to remove impurities from produced natural gas. Throughout the last 15 years, monoethanolamine (MEA) triazine has become an industry-recognized name for the removal of sour gas (H2S). MEA triazine has one of the lowest cost profiles in terms of cost per mass of H2S removed and has obtained a commodity status. It is widely used in the oil and gas industry, both on production (upstream, midstream) and processing (downstream). MEA Triazine is typically applied via direct injection into flowlines or applied in contactor vessels (“scrubbers”, “towers”, “bubble columns”). The application type depends on numerous factors but in general, the application via contactor vessel is preferred due to its increased efficiency. However, due to the many different contactor configurations available, a wide range of efficiencies are achieved, ranging from 50 – 70%. MEA Triazine systems are also known to foul with acid-insoluble polymeric solids. This occurs when the MEA Triazine and its reaction products are not managed properly, or the system is not designed for the specific conditions. The spent material, commonly referred to as dithiazine, can form solids (amorphous dithiazine) in the contactor packing, post contactor separator, or in downstream pipelines if carry-over occurs. This paper aims to provide the reader guidance on how to optimize MEA Triazine contactor vessels to achieve maximum efficiency and to reduce or eliminate fouling. Optimization principles discussed will include contactor configurations, contactor modifications, and MEA Triazine properties and its effect on system performance. Increasing system efficiency and eliminating solids formation in these systems will have a direct impact on the user’s operating expense (OPEX). This is due to better scavenger utilization and a reduction in maintenance and downtime due to solids formation. A reduction in scope three emissions will also be achieved.

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Measurement of Internal Coating Stresses of MIL-PRF-23377 Top Coated with MIL-PRF-8528

Product Number: 41215-884-SG

Author: Devin Clark, Richard C. Ferguson, James W. Rawlins

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Internal coatings stress (ICS) develops in coatings applied to a rigid substrates. During drying, volume changes due to solvent loss and/or cure induces stresses in the films. Differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the coating and substrate also affect the ICS. ICS affects the interfacial adhesion and results in delamination once the stress exceeds the force of adhesion.

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Measurement of Internal Coating Stresses of MIL-PRF-23377 Top Coated with MIL-PRF-8528

Product Number: 41216-954-SG

Author: Devin Clark, Richard C. Ferguson, James W. Rawlins

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Internal coatings stress (ICS) develops in coatings applied to a rigid substrates. During drying, volume changes due to solvent loss and/or cure induces stresses in the films. Differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the coating and substrate also affect the ICS. ICS affects the interfacial adhesion and results in delamination once the stress exceeds the force of adhesion.

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Measurement of surface hydrogen concentration of steels in concreate with electrochemical hydrogen permeation method

Product Number: 51323-19016-SG

Author: Ryuta Ishii, Takuya Kamisho, Masayuki Tsuda

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

High-strength steel is one of the basic materials for supporting a well-functioning society. Prestressed concrete (PC) is a typical example of a material in which high-strength steel is used. In PC, tensile stressed steel is embedded inside the concrete, and internal bars apply compressive stress to the concrete for preventing cracks in concrete that is vulnerable to tensile stress. Moreover, corrosion inside the steel is suppressed by the alkaline environment in the concrete, so the concrete and internal bars basically work to compensate for each other's weaknesses.

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Measuring Chemical Composition Of Pipeline Steel Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Technology

Product Number: 51322-18193-SG

Author: Brian Wilson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

LIBS is a type of optical emission spectroscopy used to measure elemental concentrations in a material. LIBS operates by using a pulsed, focused laser that is fired at a sample with sufficient pulse energy as to create a plasma around the area struck. Bound atomic electrons are stripped from the atoms comprising the material. As the plasma cools, atoms recombine with electrons and in the process emit light in the UV, optical and IR regimes.

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Measuring IR-Free Potential: Analysis of the Remaining IR Components in the Off Measurements and Importance of the Design of SRE with Integrated Coupon to Obtain it.

Product Number: 51323-18803-SG

Author: Ivano Magnifico

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

As known, ISO 15589-1 and SP0169 protection criteria refers to IR-Free potentials values to be met by applying cathodic protection to limit corrosion rate and, at the same time, to avoid overprotection: in this respect, according to the type of currents influencing the metallic structure, European standard EN 13509 proposes different measurement techniques for measuring IR Free potential.

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Measuring Sodium Chloride, Salt and Soluble Contaminants

Product Number: 41216-964-SG

Author: Nico Frankhuizen

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

This paper deals with the issue of surface contaminates analyses presently available on the market. The amount of variations of analyses and more important statements of the results cause great problems on the market. Described in the paper are not only the analyses possible, but also the interpretations belonging to them. However, salt measurements are used worldwide, its basics often appear to be a worldwide mystery. This paper should clarify the most common made mistakes.

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Measuring the Localized Corrosion Due to Carbonic Acid

Product Number: 51319-12923-SG

Author: Omar Yepez

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The mechanism of carbonic acid corrosion is of a paramount importance for the oil industry. This is because production of crude is always accompanied by CO2 and water. Carbonic acid localized corrosion is by far more important than general corrosion. This is because you just need one tiny rupture in the pipe to have a failure which will need to be addressed and repaired. Methods to determine localized corrosion are very few. In one method the electrochemical potential of the metal specimen is increased with time until the material fails which is detected as a large oxidation current. In another a large constant oxidative potential is imposed on the metal coupon then its temperature is increased until a high current is observed. In both the nature of the surface at corrosion potential is not preserved. Electrochemical noise has come to address this problems because this method does not perturb the surface of the metal and all its measurements occurs at open circuit potential. However this non-perturbative method has little quantitative value and the interpretation of the data obtained is still very difficult. For instance the noise current cannot be integrated to know the extension of the damage. This is because one does not know to what electrode the noise belongs. In this paper the localized carbonic acid corrosion of a carbon steel at corrosion potential was measured. This was performed by pulsing at the corrosion potential and changing the temperature of the test. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also used in the same manner. In both methods the localized current was integrated and the localized damage was determined.Key words: Localized corrosion CO2 corrosion electrochemical methods.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance