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The paper will be a discussion of the various generic lining products available in the marketplace today, required application methods and potential issues associated with each. Additional discussion will take place around ancillary work required to achieve a successful long-term installation.
In 2010 the Tucson Water Department began to implement the Tucson Water Reservoir and Tank Program. The purpose of the program was to evaluate and repair approximately 70 concrete and steel potable water storage facilities.
Microreactor technology has the potential to provide efficient, modular, and inherently safe baseload power that can be used in regions that are too remote to support the larger, light water reactor (LWR) technology that dominates today’s nuclear energy landscape. To generate enough power and thermal efficiency to be attractive, the microreactors must be operated at higher temperatures (approximately 1112-1652°F or 600-900°C) than traditional LWR’s, and therefore are cooled using technologies such as heat pipes with gas, sodium, or molten salt coolants.
AM brings significant benefits in better performance, inventory management, and lifecycle cost reduction to the Oil & Gas industry. Both manufacturers and users are working towards AM qualification and standardization in order to realize and sustain these benefits. Starting at the product level, the goal is to ensure the product is sound in its form, fit, and function, and free from macroscopic (surface, sub-surface, internal) anomalies deleterious to its performance. Product qualification is supported by a foundational metallurgical or AM material qualification.1
Since geothermal wells are a feasible energy source to replace fossil fuel supply many technologies have been developed to take advantage of geothermal energy. Nevertheless service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures in many cases extreme in terms of corrosion. Therefore materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of the facilities. During operation of a geothermal research facility in Groß Schönebeck copper effects have been found downhole. Occurring mechanisms and measures to prevent copper precipitation or scaling needed to be investigated.This contribution deals with the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of different metals ranging from carbon steel via stainless and duplex steels to titanium in a copper containing artificial geothermal water simulating the conditions in the Northern German Basin.The behavior of carbon duplex stainless steels and titanium in this geothermal fluid obtained by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests will be presented. While carbon steel exhibits coppering and copper precipitation higher alloyed materials show different response to Cu-species in saline geothermal water.Basing on these results the suitability of the investigated materials for use in such conditions will be evaluated.
Oil and gas operations are pushing the limits of Sour Service always further with the need to combine high Sulfide Stress Cracking resistance (SSC) in H2S partial pressure while keeping high levels for Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS). Operators are indeed entering into new drilling challenges when targeting complex well formations where production casings could be exposed to Sour Service environment and tubing completions to increased differential pressure. Having high levels for Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) paves the way for addressing Multi-Stage Fracturing (MSF) developments that reach pressure differentials as high as 15,000psi during fracturing operations in challenging environments with minimum intervention possibilities.
TGTU is one of the most versatile units in sulphur complex that will help in achieving sulphurrecovery up to 99.9% and reduce the SO2 emission to the atmosphere.