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Traditional solutions for the chemical passivation of stainless steel are nitric acid based, with the addition of sodium dichromate as an inhibitor for precipitation hardened and free machining stainless steels. These passivation chemistries are difficult to handle from an environmental health and safety point of view, particularly the dichromate inhibited versions. Citric acid passivation has been pursued as a replacement for both nitric acid and inhibited nitric acid based chemistries for many years, and has been incorporated into consensus specifications such as ASTM A967 and SAE AMS2700.
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Metal curtain wall and extrusions in prominent office buildings may need to be repainted either because the original factory applied finishes have dulled or because the owner wants to give the building a fresh look. Many monumental buildings are constructed with factory painted aluminum or steel cladding (curtain wall) and window extrusions. These buildings need to be repainted with field applied coatings that match the appearance and durability of the factory finishes.
Thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) has successfully been used for corrosion protection for several decades. In this investigation different repair coatings have been studied with respect to performance when applied on both TSA and bare steel.
Steel surfaces are frequently cleaned by abrasive impact prior to the application of protective coatings. The resultant surface profile, sometimes called an anchor pattern, is comprised of a complex pattern of peaks and valleys, which must be accurately assessed to ensure compliance with job or contract specifications.
Steel surfaces are frequently cleaned by abrasive impact prior to the application of protective coatings. The resultant surface profile must be accurately assessed to ensure compliance with job or contract specifications. But is profile height alone (the most commonly measured parameter) a good indicator of long-term coating performance?
Deep well casing is an important part of oilfield production. In the long service life of well casing, corrosion can result in wall thinning and even perforation of the casing due to contacting with soil, water and other naturally occurring substances within the formation. The most economic and effective method to decrease corrosion of well casing is cathodic protection (CP). However, the vertical depth of casing is several kilometers, and CP current requirements of casing in different layers are quite different. At the same time, the conductivity of different formations will affect the distribution of CP current.
The use of Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) in refinery sour environments is governed by ANSI/NACE MR0103/ISO 17945NACE “Metallic materials resistant to sulfide stress cracking in corrosive petroleum refining environments” which limits DSS base materials to be used in Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) services to a maximum hardness of 28 HRC for materials with a PREN ≤ 40 and to a maximum hardness of 32 HRC for those materials with PREN > 40.1 These hardness values are in line with the hardness requirements of solution annealed as produced straight tubes, but when the heat exchanger design requires the use of integral finning or u-bend tubes, these are subject to significant work hardening that results in as bent and as finned heat exchanger tubes with hardness measurement as high as 418 HV0.5 or 35.6 HRC which clearly exceeds the allowable limits stated above.
Caretakers of outdoor monuments, sculptures and high-value architectural metalwork face formidable preservation challenges. Durable, low-maintenance coatings are needed that provide longer-lasting protection against corrosion and degradation, while being safe for the environment. We describe work done in collaboration with conservators at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and Portland State University, to develop water-based fluoropolymer coatings that meet the critical needs of the conservation and architectural communities.
The spray-applied, two-component, ambient-cured polyurea, which features no VOC’s and low odor, can be applied at colder temperatures than current available coatings. This wider temperature application range extends the season for restoring outdoor concrete substrates. The technology provides quick dry times; leading to faster return-to-service and helping applicators and owners meet tight deadlines.
13Cr-5Ni-2Mo type Super Martensitic stainless steels referred to as SMSS-13Cr type grades can provide good general corrosion resistance such as in high CO2 environments combined with higher strengths and excellent toughness2 making them a prospective material choice for long term downhole completion equipment depending on actual well conditions. One of the main limiting factors for the use of SMSS-13Cr type grades is the Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance in presence of H2S in downhole well conditions. Therefore, a good understanding of this behavior is essential to facilitate the material selection process.
Fouling of equipment surfaces by siliceous salts such as silica, metal silicates,coprecipitated silica with mineral salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc.,is a serious challenge facing the technologists in the efficient operation of industrialsystems. Severe fouling at times results in premature expensive equipment replacement,early shutdown, increase in operating pressure of pumps, and enhance the probability ofcorrosion damage. In many cases, the removal of foulants leads to discontinuousoperation of the system, resulting in higher operating costs. In geothermal applications,siliceous scale typically occurs when brine is cooled in the course of brine handling andenergy extraction.
Reviewing literature related to corrosion research brings to light the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved, and how this is essential to aid in development of mathematical models for corrosion prediction. The current research documents possible mechanisms for the dissolution of pure iron in strong acid in a potential range in the potential range of ±50 mV vs. OCP, providing explanations for corrosion engineers and researchers working with mild steel. Prediction of corrosion rate relies on the precise understanding of the anodic and cathodic processes at the metal surface in the potential range close to the OCP.