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Picture for Electrochemical Investigation of the Integrity of Cathodic Protection MMO Anodes in the Presence of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors
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Electrochemical Investigation of the Integrity of Cathodic Protection MMO Anodes in the Presence of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51324-21177-SG
Author: Juan Dominguez Olivo; Terry Natale; Sujay Math
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Picture for Enabling Decarbonization through Conversion of Natural Gas Pipelines to Blended Hydrogen Service through a Nanocomposite Surface Treatment
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Enabling Decarbonization through Conversion of Natural Gas Pipelines to Blended Hydrogen Service through a Nanocomposite Surface Treatment

Product Number: 51324-21204-SG
Author: Ganesh Kumar Arumugam; Sumil Thapa; Venkat Kamavaram; Andrea Mansfeld; Ramiro Maldonado
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
The next phase of a global energy transition is hinging closely on finding fuel sources with substantially reduced carbon footprint. One way of doing so is to enable the use of Hydrogen (H2) rather than natural gas while still maintaining the existing legacy transport pipeline infrastructure. The presence of hydrogen in natural gas blend has been shown to cause weakening of steel even at extremely low concentrations and steps must be taken to mitigate the presence of hydrogen. Although embrittlement can be mitigated using specific metal alloys, the extensive cost of such retrofitting (up to $4.7M per mile) has made this economically unfeasible. One option that could substantially reduce this cost by as much as 90% is the use of new liners or barrier materials to limit the ability of hydrogen to diffuse into the steel. One such material coating that claims a unique combination of a “low-surface energy,” chemical- and abrasion-resistant topcoat material combined with a highly gas-impermeable and corrosion-resistant but physically fragile base layer is evaluated in this paper. This composite structure allows for the material to have sufficient mechanical strength to be field deployable in a typical pipeline environment. This work describes the establishment and use of a new experimental laboratory setup designed to test the effect of a nanocomposite material deposited onto legacy steel grades such as X52 and X70. The high-pressure, high-temperature mechanical testing bed could simulate all environmental conditions that a future pipeline would face hydrogen/methane blends anywhere from 0 – 100% temperature exceeding 200°C and pressures between up to 2000psi. Facilities capable of safely and controllably testing how metals react in the presence of hydrogen fuel blends will be essential to the industry as the demand for establishing new standards for hydrogen energy transport grows. This case study demonstrates how one might go about designing and testing a novel coating or surface treatment material, and will discuss whether such coatings are viable solutions, and where improvements need to be made.