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This manuscript provides case study data from subsea crude oil pipelines that addresses the questions of how to obtain the best quality samples from pig returns for microbiological testing, and what are the relative merits of different test methodologies.
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This work investigates unexpected leaks observed on several cracked admiralty brass tubes that failed after 7 years in operation. Both metallurgical and molecular microbiological methods were used to understand the root cause of these failures.
This benchmarking study involved both the application of biocides to reduce biofilm formation on clean carbon steel and the application of biocide to established biofilm.
The objective of this paper is to provide a review of various models and methods that have been developed and applied by both researchers and industry professionals to better understand and predict MIC.
Biofouling and corrosion issues were investigated with experimental methods. 90-10 Cu-Ni samples were prepared and immersed in bottled seawater with various chlorination levels for up to 6 months.
Tests were conducted in simulated water environments with nutrient-rich environments with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Effects of crevice environments, caused by macrofoulers on corrosion and in comparison with biotic condition, were studied.
An oil transmission pipeline in the Eagle Ford area was being treated with 150ppm of active biocide based on a five percent water hold up but good control of the microbial population was not being maintained.
MIC is a major problem in many industrial sectors, especially in the oil and gas industry. It is widely believed that almost 20% of all corrosion costs can be attributed to MIC. The shale gas and oil industry suffers from mostly MIC rather conventional abiotic CO2/H2S corrosion. Very severe MIC with fast failures are seen in field operations with very harsh operating conditions such as high salinity and nutrient-rich water, including treated municipal wastewater that promotes microbial growth. In some situations, titanium and plastic pipes are used to cope with MIC.
A recent review provided an overview of current microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) research. It established that despite extensive study and numerous publications, fundamental questions relating to MIC remain unanswered and stress the lack of information associated with MIC recognition, prediction, and mitigation (Little et al., 2020). On the other hand, bibliometric analysis on the MIC of engineering systems conducted a knowledge gap analysis to focus research efforts and to develop a roadmap for MIC research (Hashemi et al., 2018).
This standard is applicable to operators, service companies, third-party laboratories, consultants, and universities that perform molecular techniques to identify microorganisms in industrial settings, including microorganisms involved in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), biogenic production of hydrogen sulfide (a process also known as souring), and biofouling in industrial settings and organizations that manage assets affected by corrosion threats. This standard should be used to select appropriate procedures for sample collection, preservation, laboratory processing, and data analysis.