AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'mic'

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Diagnosis of Internal Corrosion in Pipelines Based on Mapping Adverse Operational Conditions

Product Number: 51319-13250-SG

Author: Yuri Fairuzov, Victor Fairuzov

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Upstream oil and gas companies operate oil gathering systems comprising a flowline network and process facilities that transport the flow of produced fluids from the wells to a main processing plant. The frequency of corrosion related leaks has increased recently despite a corrosion inhibitor is injected at the wellhead into all flowlines. A root-cause analysis conducted by several companies revealed that severe internal corrosion was caused by a low fluid flow velocity an increasing water cut and the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the production streams. Nevertheless it was not clear why some of the flowlines may leak while others do not leak despite the composition of produced fluids principal design parameters (diameter and length) dosage of corrosion inhibitor and environmental conditions of the flowlines are similar. A diagnostic analysis of different oil flowlines of was carried out to gain an understanding of why a first group of oil flowlines is developing leaks and why a second group of flowlines has not experienced leaks. The methodology used for the diagnostic analysis comprises 1) Ultra-High Definition simulation of 3-phase or 4-phase flow of gas oil water and solids; 2) 3D imaging of phase distributions inside critical sections of the oil flowlines as per NACE ICDA; 3) mapping adverse operational conditions; and 4) the determination of probability of failure in the critical sections based on criteria depending on the severity of operating conditions inside and outside the flowlines. It was found that multiple sections were exposed to stagnant water and/or had a fraction of internal surface area covered by a stationary bed of solids (formation solids produced from the well). The identified causes of potential leaks comprise the following failure mechanisms: a) metal loss caused by colonies of SRB b) composed load acting on the pipe wall and c) cyclic" thermal expansion/contraction of the flowlines due to seasonal ambient temperature variations. One of the surprising findings of this study was that a shorter flowline with a lower water cut may have multiple leaks while a longer flowline with a higher water may not leak at all approximately for the same period after commissioning. This result was explained with help of maps of adverse operational conditions constructed for the two groups of flowlines. Immediate corrective mitigation actions and preventive actions were implemented to reduce leak frequency including the installation of a novel automatic flushing system.

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Effect Of Antimicrobial Halophilic Plant Extracts On Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC)

Product Number: 51322-18089-SG

Author: Stein, J.L., Skovhus, T.L., Chaturvedi, T., Thomsen, M.H.

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Offshore oil production facilities are subject to internal corrosion, potentially leading to human and environmental risk and significant economic losses. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and reservoir souring are important factors for corrosion-related maintenance costs in the petroleum industry.1 MIC is caused by sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP), which can be Bacteria (SRB) or Archaea (SRA), with the main focus in literature being on SRB.^2–5 The microorganisms most frequently reported in literature to be responsible for MIC are the SRB; Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, Desulfomonas, Desulfotomaculum, Desulfobacterium, Desulfobotulus, and Desulfotignum, and methanogens.^2,5

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Evaluation of A Rapid Solution For SRB Monitoring In Industrial Water System

Product Number: 51322-17554-SG

Author: Khloud Alramadan, Joseph Puthuvelil, and Salman Al-Mutiry

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Uncontrolled growth of microorganisms in the oil field production systems have a major negative impact on the productivity and asset integrity in oil and gas industry. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have been found as the most troublesome group of microorganisms among all organisms involved in MIC of carbon steel and other metals used in the oil industry (Abdullah et al 2014). The formation of SRB biofilm on steel surface can affect the kinetics of anodic and cathodic reactions, leading to an acceleration of steel corrosion (Beech and Sunner, 2004: Zuo,2007). In addition to that, SRB contributes to hydrogen sulfide-driven reservoir souring, increased suspended solids, reservoir plugging, etc., in oil field sites.

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Failure Analysis Of Hydrotested 12-Inch Type 304 SS Pipe Sections

Product Number: 51322-17852-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam, Chris Miller, Cody Robinson, Scott Harding, Amilcar Oberto

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pre-commissioning hydrostatic testing of pipelines and the resulting corrosion (MIC) issues are often linked to test water quality, as well as post-test cleaning operations. In a 1998 study, it was reported that localized corrosion (pitting/crevice corrosion) accounted for 20% of failures in the chemical process industry with an estimated one half of those being MIC failures. Identification of MIC failures is not straightforward. Common characteristic features such as pit clustering, “tunneling” of pits, tuberculation, high microbiological counts, presence of sulfides (in the case of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB)) and preferential weld attack have been used to anecdotally pinpoint field failures towards MIC.

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Failure of 24” Common Crude Piping and Formation of Iron Sulfides Due to the Influence of Sulfate & Iron Reducing Bacteria and Methanogens

Product Number: 51322-17545-SG

Author: Yousef Khuraibut

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A leak suddenly occurred at the 24-inch common crude piping from the separators heading to the degassing boot inlets and the wet crude tanks in an oil gathering center. The initial observations showed the leak was due to a deep isolated pit and localized corrosion. Additional inspections by manual ultrasonic thickness (UT) and long range ultrasonic thickness (LRUT) measurements for the 24” common crude line showed similar deep isolated pits (up to 70% thickness reduction) scattered across the length of the 1100 meter piping.

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Impact of Novel Sulphidogenesis-Inhibitory Chemistries on Souring and MIC

Product Number: 51318-11183-SG

Author: Brett Geissler / Alicia Jones

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) presents risk to operators and infrastructure in many industries. This work shows the continued potential of novel sulphidogenesis-inhibitory compounds and recent gains towards decreasing the impact of H2S production and on MIC.

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Internal Corrosion Risk Assessment for Crude Pipeline-D - A Case Study

Product Number: MECC23-19965-SG

Author: Ayman A. Alabdullatif; Rakan A. Al-Shebil; Ahmad S. Al-Otaibi; Faisal M. Al-Abbas; Omar A. Al-Saif

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pipeline-D was built in 1997 and was used to transport crude to Gas-Oil Separation Plant-1 (GOSP-1). The pipeline continued operating until it was subjected to intermittent shutdown in 2009 when GOSP-2 was built. As part of the project, 900 meters were added to connect Pipeline-D to GOSP-2.

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Investigation of Microbial Sources in Corrosion of Crude Pipelines and Processing Facilities

Product Number: MECC23-19973-SG

Author: Xiangyang Zhu; Abdullah H. Wadei; Husam S. Khanfar

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Many microorganisms occurring naturally in waters and soils can cause microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) on metal structures. Such microorganisms include sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), acid-producing bacteria (APB), methanogens, metal-oxidizing bacteria, metal-reducing bacteria, and nitrate-reducing bacteria. The activities of individual microbial species or a synergistic group of microbes alter the electrochemical processes on metal surface and produce a broad range of outcomes, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, under-deposit corrosion, and selective dealloying, in addition to an enhanced galvanic and erosion corrosion.

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Laboratory and Modeling Insights into Biocorrosion under Simulated Oil and Gas Conditions

Product Number: MECC23-19954-SG

Author: Sarah A. Aqeel; Abdulrahman Alqahtani; Layan A. AlSharif; Christian Canto Maya

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion, which is the degradation of materials due to chemical or electrochemical reactions with their environment, poses significant economic and safety concerns across various industries, including infrastructure, transportation, energy, and the Oil and Gas sector 1. Biocorrosion, initiated by microbial activities, has gained significant attention due to its destructive effects on metallic structures and critical assets 2. The formation of biofilms by microbial induced bacteria such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and acid-producing bacteria (APB) has been identified as a prominent mechanism contributing to biocorrosion in various environments such as oil and gas.

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MIC Impact on Mechanical Property Degradation of X80 Pipeline Steel by A Sulfate Reducing Bacterium

Product Number: 51321-16274-SG

Author: Zhong Li/Jike Yang/Sith Kumseranee/Suchada Punpruk/Magdy E. Mohamed/Mazen A. Saleh/Tingyue Gu

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Microbial and Compositional Analyses of Crude Pipeline Samples

Product Number: MECC23-20101-SG

Author: Fawziah S. Alajmi

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) has been an emerging concern in the oil and gas industry. Pipeline networks of different services, such as sour crude, sweet crude, water, and gas are subjected to various corrosion types, including MIC from microbial activities present within these systems. Such microbial activities can hinder the pipeline integrity and lead to metal deterioration.

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Microbial Corrosion Diagnosis Using Molecular Microbiology Methods: Case Studies

Product Number: MPWT19-14427

Author: Xiangyang Zhu, Abdullah H. Wadei

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the leading causes of equipment and pipeline failure in oil and gas industries. Cost-effective MIC management requires routine monitoring of microbial activities, periodic assessment of microbial risks in various operational systems, and accurate diagnosis of MIC failure. Traditionally, MIC diagnosis has been dependent on cultivation-based methods by inoculating liquid samples containing live bacteria into selective growth media, followed by incubation at a certain temperature for a pre-determined period of time. The conventional culturing techniques have been reported to severely underestimate the size of the microbial populations related to metal corrosion, among many inherited weaknesses of these techniques. As a result, accurate diagnosis of MIC failure is challenging because the conventional techniques often fail to provide a critical piece of evidence required for a firm diagnosis, i.e., the presence of corrosion-causing microorganisms in the failed metal samples. In this paper, we described applications of molecular microbiology methods in diagnosing MIC in a crude oil pipeline and crude processing facility. Molecular microbial analyses have provided a solid piece of evidence to firmly diagnose the MIC in a crude oil flow line, a stagnant bypass spool, and a global valve bypass pipe. The presence of a high number of corrosion-related microorganisms in upstream pipelines poses a high risk to downstream crude processing facilities for microbial contamination and corrosion failure in these facilities. An effective MIC management program should include routine monitoring of microbial activities and risk assessment, and effective mitigation program, such as scraping and biocide treatments.

Products tagged with 'mic'

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