AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'mic'

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Case Study for MIC Evaluation and Mitigation in Two Argentinian Oilfields

Product Number: 51317--9476-SG

ISBN: 9476 2017 CP

Author: Emerentiana Sianawati

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A biocide efficacy study was conducted using field water samples and associated indigenous microorganisms as the test inocula. Thirteen biocide systems were evaluated to determine an excellent choice for disinfecting (rapid kill), to alleviate bio-burden and result in longer term protection.

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Cathodic Protection and MIC - Effects of local electrochemistry

Product Number: 51317--9452-SG

ISBN: 9452 2017 CP

Author: Stefan Jansen

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The goal of this research was to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of cathodic protection (CP) by determining the interactions between corrosion and local chemical parameters, such as pH, under varying CP conditions, both in the absence and presence of MIC.

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Chemical & Enhanced Preservation Methodologies Endeavors To Maintain The Integrity Of Joint Operation (JO) Surface Facilities

Product Number: 51322-18106-SG

Author: A/Rahman Al-Ghamdi, Tariq Kamshad, Mohamed M. Farah, Hamad Al-Ajmi, Bakheet Al-Yami, Hossam Mesbah

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The Wafra Joint Operation (WJO) Oilfield is located in the central-west part of the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. The Wafra oilfield reserves were first discovered and wells drilled in 1954. This field produces two types of crude oil, Ratawi (light oil) and Eocene (heavy oil), with average water cut of 8085%. During operation, the production wells produce the oil emulsion through mostly coated flowlines to sub-centres (SC) where the sour oil, water and gas are separated. The facility has two gathering fields; Eocene and Ratawi. Eocene has 2 phase separation, whilst Ratawi has 3 phase separation. The sour gas is either flared or flows to the Main Power Generation Plant, whilst the oil is processed to the Main Gathering Center (MGC). The produced waters (PW) are routed to the Pressure Maintenance Plant (PMP).

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Chemical & Enhanced Preservation Methodologies to Maintain the Integrity of Joint Operation (JO) Surface Facilities

Product Number: 51323-18792-SG

Author: A/Rahman Al-Ghamdi, Hamad Al-Ajmi, Tariq Kamshad, Bakheet Al-Yami, Mohamed M. Farah, Hossam Mesbah

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The Wafra Joint Operation (WJO) Oilfield is located in the central-west part of the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. The Wafra oilfield reserves were first discovered and wells drilled in 1953 and production in commercial quantities began in 1954. This field produces two types of crude oil, Ratawi (light oil) and Eocene (heavy oil), with average water cut of 80-85%. During operation, the production wells produce the oil emulsion through mostly coated flowlines to sub-centres (SC) where the sour oil, water and gas are separated. The facility has two gathering fields: Eocene and Ratawi. Eocene has 2 phase separation, whilst Ratawi has 3 phase separation.

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Comprehensive Laboratory Analysis Of AC Coupon Test Stations

Product Number: 51322-18151-SG

Author: Mehrooz Zamanzadeh, Martin Latona, George Bayer, Anil Kumar Chikkam

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Several alternating current (AC) coupon test stations (CTS) located near AC power lines were investigated to assess the AC interference corrosion risk of the test coupons. Asstation consisted of two ½ inch (1.27 cm) diameter and 1received each AC test inch (2.54 cm) long carbon steel (CS ) coupons. Coupons are much larger than 1 cm ² and current density measurements are not 100% relatable to the SP21424 or ISO 18086 criteria, since these refer to measurements on (typically) 1 cm² . The current densities measured on the coupons in this study will underestimate the AC corrosion threat.

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Control of Reservoir Souring and Corrosion Prevention in Production Systems in Response to Nitrate Injection Cessation

Product Number: 51324-20806-SG

Author: Renato M. De Paula; Christopher Jones; Matt Streets; Leanne Walker; Muna Mouhamud

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Reservoir souring remains a challenging problem for the oil & gas industry, especially in aging assets where H2S and microorganisms from the reservoir can pose a serious risk to the integrity of producing wells and equipment. Nitrate treatment is commonly used to control SRB activity in the reservoir, but it is not always effective due to poor subsurface definition and increasing volumes required over time. In this study, we evaluated the use of a biocide to replace nitrate injection in reservoir conditions when nitrate is no longer effective to control SRB activity. We used sour, sand-packed reactors to evaluate a biocide formulation applied prior to and after nitrate cessation. Measurements of VFAs, nitrate, sulfide and genomic analysis were used to assess souring and changes in the microbial population. The results indicated that biocide was successful to remediate souring when applied before AND after the nitrate treatments. However, the cumulative amount of generated sulfide was higher when the biocide was applied after nitrate cessation, indicating the need of temporary co-injection of nitrate and biocide to prevent a H2S wave period. Genomic analysis indicated that this formulation specifically targeted the SRB rather than broadly killing the microbial population. Taken together, this study highlights a new strategy to control reservoir souring and potential corrosion issues in producing wells.

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CorrCompilation: Corrosion Failures for Pipelines

Product Number: 37640-E

ISBN: 978-1-57590-380-4

Author: Robert Pogue

Publication Date: 2018

$125.00

The goal of this compilation is to educate the reader through experiences and observations from real-world applications and to provide tools for the identification and remediation of pipeline corrosion issues before failure. Pipelines have been used to transport fuels since the 19th century. While there is no clear consensus of the total number of pipeline miles in use throughout the world, most agree that the U.S. has over 2.5 million mi of energy pipelines. This book provide tools for the identification and remediation of pipeline corrosion issues before failure.

2018 NACE e-book

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CorrCompilations: Introduction to Corrosion Management of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (e-book)

Product Number: 37601-E

ISBN: 9781575902852

Author: Richard Eckert

Publication Date: 2015

$130.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) - 38 articles and papers. MIC management process. Threat assessment. Mitigation. Prevention. Monitoring. Management. Lists of MIC resources, standards, courses & books. 2015 NACE E-Book

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Corrosion of Pipelines in a Crude Oil Storage Facility

Product Number: 51323-19554-SG

Author: Václav Šefl, Tomas Prosek, Pavel Taraba

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In the literature, corrosion problems associated with crude oil are often categorized into several classes, based on the type of equipment and “distance” from a well. The upstream operations (drilling, pumping) transport crude oil mixed with significant amounts of water and gasses, midstream operations (transport and storage before refining) deals with much drier crude with most of the water and gasses removed and upstream corrosion problems are mostly caused by chemical composition of given specific fraction and high temperature. Corrosion problems in midstream operations are usually not as severe as during drilling and initial transport, however, this step is significantly longer.

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Corrosion of Stainless Steels AISI 304 and AISI 316 Induced by Sulfare Reducing Bacteria in Anoxic Groundwater

Product Number: 51317--9359-SG

ISBN: 9359 2017 CP

Author: Pauliina Rajala

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Electrochemical techniques enabling real-time survey of corrosion, such as multi-electrode arrays sensors (MASS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) were used to detect the differences in electrochemical behavior of two stainless steels.

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Detecting and Preventing Internal Corrosion Damage in Unpiggable, Intermittently-Operated, Crude-Oil Pipelines

Product Number: 51320-14673-SG

Author: Yuri Fairuzov, Victor Fairuzov

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

According to a survey of corrosion releases in hazardous liquids pipelines, of the 52 internal corrosion releases reported in 2009-2012, 31 occurred in intermittently operated lines. Pigging operations cannot be performed in many of these pipelines for a number of reasons, such as limitations imposed by pipeline design features, pigging cost, risk of the pig getting stuck in solids or sludge accumulated in front of it. For unpiggable pipelines, direct assessment using the liquid petroleum internal corrosion direct assessment (LP-ICDA) method is a widespread industry practice that helps operators detect pipeline sections damaged by internal corrosion. The models and correlations referenced in the standard are for steady-state, oil-water flow or liquid-solids flow, however the flow of transported fluids is transient (unsteady) in intermittently-operated, crude-oil pipelines. Furthermore, the critical inclination angle defined in the standard is applicable to a pipeline having a piecewise elevation profile. Nevertheless, the local slope of the pipeline changes continuously along its entire length because the local slope of an elevation profile of the landscape or seabed changes continuously in most cases. In this paper, a pipeline diagnostic survey using transient, ultra-high definition simulations of three-phase oil-water-solids flow is performed to identify ICDA regions and develop solutions to extend the useful life of a 48-in. diameter pipeline transporting crude oil from an onshore tank farm to a Single Point Mooring/Pipeline End Manifold (SPM/PLEM) system. Transient free water and solids holdup profiles along the pipeline during loading operations and shutdown periods were predicted based on historical cargo data (including detailed loading plans and loading rates), basic sediments and water (BS&W) data, the rate of conversion of emulsified water into free water caused by the residual concentration of demulsifier in crude oil, solids properties, and tanker loading schedules. It was found that significant accumulations of free water and solids occurred only in a few sections of the offshore portion of the pipeline. This was attributed to the fact that in each loading operation the cargo officer requests the terminal to reduce the loading rate and adjust it until the final cargo transfer quantity is reached. As a result, during this time the pipeline is operated at a low flow condition at which free water ceases to enter PLEM, while it is still displaced from the onshore portion into the offshore portion of the pipeline. Two solutions were proposed to prevent microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and extend the useful life of the pipeline. The first solution is based on the optimization of the loading plan to minimize the volume of free water accumulated in the offshore portion on completion of cargo transfer. In the second solution, a system generating batches of drained water taken from the storage tanks is connected to the pipeline inlet. A biocide is injected into the water batches. The concentration of the biocide and speed to kill are selected based on the water batch residence time determined using the transient flow simulations. The number of water batches to be launched depends on the volume and properties of solids that can enter the pipeline.

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Development of Molecular Probe for Iron Reducing and Thiosulfate Reducing Bacteria

Product Number: 51324-20885-SG

Author: Tekle Fida; Luke Austin; Scott Leleika; Taylor Rambo; Karen Crippen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) activities are mostly monitored by using canonical culture-based methods. However, these methods detect only culturable bacteria or require months of incubation to get results. To overcome this, molecular detection methods were developed for many of the MIC-causing microbes but were not available for Iron Reducing Bacteria (IRB) and Thiosulfate Reducing Bacteria (TRB). IRB and TRB are among the dominant group of microbes involved in corrosion and souring oil and gas infrastructures. In the present study, molecular probes were developed for IRB and TRB by targeting functional genes implicated in iron and thiosulfate reduction, respectively. Candidate gene sequences were retrieved from genome repository databases of pure isolates or metagenomic sequences. The sequences were aligned using bioinformatic software and primer-based probes were developed from conserved regions. Specificity and efficiency of the primers were validated by amplifying the sequences of target and non-target microbes using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) methods. The probes successfully detected candidate microbes in biocorrosion samples collected from various gas processing facilities. The identified primer-based probes will help oil and gas industries to monitor MIC activities and develop timely management strategies to prevent undesirable microbial activities while improving system integrity and safety concerns.

Products tagged with 'mic'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance