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Improved Localized Corrosion Models for Stainless Steels in Aqueous Chloride Environments with Low Levels of Dissolved Oxygen
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Improved Localized Corrosion Models For Stainless Steels In Aqueous Chloride Environments With Low Levels Of Dissolved Oxygen

Product Number: 51322-17955-SG
Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan, Sinchana Rao, Tom Bos, Andrzej Anderko, Deepti Ballal
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

In Upstream, CRAs (Corrosion Resistant Alloys) are widely selected to handle seawater and brines in piping, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, vessels, and seawater injection1-4. Also, disposal of produced water is commonly performed through injection into spent fields. Water from a variety of sources including produced water, seawater and surface/fresh water may also be injected to create pressure drive for existing fields. Usually dissolved oxygen (DO) is not fully controlled when there are multiple sources of injection water and sometimes even possibility of injection of fully oxygenated water exists. For oxygenated seawater, the PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number = %Cr + 3.3 *(%Mo + 0.5 %W) + 16 %N) shall be >40 and limits are applied to the temperature4. Other applications involve Solid CRA or cladded production pipelines which may get flooded with seawater during installation and precommissioning.
Picture for Improved Methodology To Identify The Location Of A Stuck Pig Using Large Standoff Magnetometry Technology
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Improved Methodology To Identify The Location Of A Stuck Pig Using Large Standoff Magnetometry Technology

Product Number: 51321-16908-SG
Author: V. Shankar; E. Pozniak; C. Onuoha; S. McDonnell; J. Spenst; T. Bumby
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Improved Unit Economics, Crude Blending and Throughput Management Using a Novel High Temperature Corrosion Prediction Framework
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Improved Unit Economics, Crude Blending and Throughput Management Using a Novel High Temperature Corrosion Prediction Framework

Product Number: MECC23-20054-SG
Author: Sridhar Srinivasan, Gerrit Buchheim
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Sulfur and acidic impurities in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in crude distillation units (CDU) and associated vacuum distillation units (VDU), especially with the increase in processing of lowquality, opportunity crudes. In the range of 200-400˚C, reactive sulfur compounds cause sulfidation corrosion of ferritic carbon and chrome steels in CDU, VDU, and front ends of downstream units operating at hot oil temperatures. Over the same temperature range, naturally occurring carboxylic acids in crudes can be so aggressive that higher alloy, austenitic stainless steels containing >2.5% Mo are required for processing high acid oils.
Picture for Improvements in Direct Assessment with the Non-Contact Magnetic Gradient Tomography Method (MTM-G)
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Improvements in Direct Assessment with the Non-Contact Magnetic Gradient Tomography Method (MTM-G)

Product Number: 51324-20874-SG
Author: D. Nnamdi; Chukwuma C. Onuoha
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Due to the serious consequences of external corrosion and leaks in underground pipelines, external corrosion direct assessment, as described in AMPP SP0502, was developed to proactively prevent external corrosion and ensure the integrity of oil and gas pipelines that are difficult to pig. This standard requires a minimum of two indirect inspections to confirm the most susceptible locations on a pipeline for external corrosion to occur. Cathodic protection, coating and soil resistivity are collected during the indirect inspection process to help classify and prioritize anomalies for direct examination. This is also applicable during stress corrosion cracking direct assessment, where indirect inspection data are supplemented with other data to help pinpoint susceptible locations. All these techniques are not capable of identifying external metal loss or external stress corrosion cracks from aboveground; the pipeline must be exposed for the defects to be evaluated. The invention of the non-contact magnetic gradient tomography method has elevated DA protocols. This technology can use magnetic field strength from aboveground to identify external metal loss, cracks, dents, etc. This paper presents process improvements and real-life case studies demonstrating the benefits of this technology on non-piggable pipelines.
Picture for IMPROVEMENTS ON AUTOMATIC ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN DETECTING NON-METALLIC INCLUSION FOR SEAMLESS PIPE MILLS
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IMPROVEMENTS ON AUTOMATIC ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN DETECTING NON-METALLIC INCLUSION FOR SEAMLESS PIPE MILLS

Product Number: MPWT19-14737
Author: Abdullah Al Qahtani
Publication Date: 2019
$0.00

Automated ultrasonic testing is an integral validation tool utilized to detect defects in seamless pipes during the manufacturing process. The primary objective of AUT is to ensure newly manufactured seamless pipes are free of laminar imperfection such as non-metallic inclusions.
This paper describes the automatic ultrasonic testing (AUT) techniques capabilities applied to seamless pipe mills to detect non-metallic inclusions that could have an impact on the quality of the produced pipes. In addition, it covers all relevant applicable testing experiments applied to different sized seamless pipes by using different types of AUT machines. This paper discusses the capabilities of different static and dynamic calibration methodologies of detecting non-metallic inclusions. An assessment has been conducted on five (5) seamless pipes produced with non-metallic inclusions scattered along pipes lengths. The assessment revealed the recommended calibration and testing methodology capable of detecting non-metallic inclusion. Accordingly, a statistical analysis is presented to report the repeatability of different AUT techniques in detecting non-metallic inclusions in newly manufactured seamless pipes.
Picture for Improvements to the Replica Tape Test Method (ASTM D4417C / NACE SP287 / ISO 8503-5)
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Improvements to the Replica Tape Test Method (ASTM D4417C / NACE SP287 / ISO 8503-5)

Product Number: 51324-21157-SG
Author: Michael Beamish
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
The Replica Tape method is a trusted method used by inspectors worldwide for decades to measure surface profile height. Previous studies have shown the method to be highly precise and accurate, but an intricate burnishing technique and requirement to average two different grades of replica tape in some measurement ranges made the method challenging for some users. This paper details two proposed changes to the method: an updated burnishing tool and linearized measurement scale to eliminate the need for averaging. A study was conducted to determine the accuracy and precision of this updated method, involving measurements performed by 15 users of varied experience on a range of test panels blasted with varying of media and profile heights.
Picture for Improving Coating Adhesion By Altering Surface Preparation
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Improving Coating Adhesion By Altering Surface Preparation

Product Number: 51323-19364-SG
Author: Elisabeth Tarpey, Dr. Rebekah Wilson
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Corrosion is a universal challenge for metal structures. Metal, due to its natural strength, is a common choice for building materials yet sensitive to the environment it is placed in, requiring mitigating actions to ensure proper lifecycle. Coatings are utilized as the primary defense against corrosion; the type based on substrate material and environment.
Picture for Improving Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance Of Precipitation Hardened Nickel-Alloys
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Improving Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance Of Precipitation Hardened Nickel-Alloys

Product Number: 51321-16673-SG
Author: Luca Foroni, Carlo Malara
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00

Precipitation hardened (PH) Ni-alloys are widely used in the oil and gas industry since they provide an excellent combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Their use in the manufacture of API1 6A pressure-containing and pressure-controlling components is subject to the stringent requirements of specification API Standard 6ACRA. However, matching the requirements of API Standard 6ACRA does not preclude susceptibility of some PH Ni-alloys to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and this in some cases has led to premature and unexpected failures of components made from such
materials.(
Picture for Improving Integrity Management Decision Making Using Automated Calibration Of Model Predictions Using CP Survey Data
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Improving Integrity Management Decision Making Using Automated Calibration Of Model Predictions Using CP Survey Data

Product Number: 51322-17557-SG
Author: Robert Adey, Madhu Sudan Sapkota, John Baynham, Edward Apeh, Cristina Peratta
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

In this paper, a case study is presented for a marine structure for which modelling has been used to predict the protection potentials over the life of the structure.

The aim of any digital transformation of integrity management and in particular corrosion control is the improvement of communication efficiency, planning efficiency and maintenance efficiency. Key issues are predictive maintenance and clarity of the information available so engineers can make informed decisions. Therefore it is not just a question of collecting more information but also the way that information is used and shared with the decision-makers.
Picture for Improving Life Cycle Cost Using High Alloyed Stainless Steels for Hydrochloric Acid Localized Condensation in Heat Exchangers
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Improving Life Cycle Cost Using High Alloyed Stainless Steels for Hydrochloric Acid Localized Condensation in Heat Exchangers

Product Number: 51323-19274-SG
Author: Johan Salwén
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Equipment can have an important impact on the production at a refinery, petrochemical, or chemical plant. Change of equipment will often have a negative impact since it can disrupt the production with shutdowns, which will lead to production losses. In the long term, these short lifetimes for the equipment will cause many shutdowns, which will give a higher production cost. One example of equipment is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Picture for Improving mineral wool CUI performance – next generation
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Improving mineral wool CUI performance – next generation

Product Number: 51323-18959-SG
Author: Mikkel Østergaard Hansen, Soeren Nyborg Rasmussen
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Mineral wool has been widely used for several decades as the primary thermal insulation on piping and equipment to save energy, protect personnel, and reduce emissions. The products have been favored because they are non-combustible, cost effective, provide excellent (and reliable) thermal performance and are safe, easy, and efficient to install.
Improving Scale Management Using ESEM Bulk Scale Analysis
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Improving Scale Management Using ESEM Bulk Scale Analysis

Product Number: 51322-18215-SG
Author: Stephen Heath, Marius Stamnes, Ole Magnar Drønen
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Inorganic scale deposition is a major issue for the oil and gas industry as it can block perforations, production tubing, valves, chokes and prevent topside heat exchangers and fluid separation equipment from functioning effectively.   
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