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Field Testing of Self-Healing Metallic Coatings for Internal Corrosion Protection of Natural Gas Pipelines

Product Number: 51323-18857-SG

Author: Zineb Belarbi, Ömer N. Doğan, Patrick Carr, Richard E. Chinn, Julius Samson

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Natural gas pipelines are subject to internal corrosion. Internal corrosion of steel pipelines can cause natural gas leakage, leading to wasted energy, explosion hazards, and methane emissions. The U.S. Department of Transport reported numerous case histories of corrosion problems and failures in wet gas pipelines. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) performed an incident survey from 2010 through 2018 and found that 112 (12%) of these incidents in the U.S. transmission lines were caused by internal corrosion.

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Field-Testing Procedures on a Metallic Pipeline Collocated with an HVDC Powerline

Product Number: 51323-19035-SG

Author: Andrew Mackey, Alex Ristow

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Development of this strategy began after a steel pipeline, coated with Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE), was constructed in a collocated right-of-way (ROW) with a high voltage direct current (HVDC) Powerline. Area Cathodic Protection (CP) Technicians reported challenges in recording stable DC Pipe-to-Soil (P/S) Potentials due to rapid fluctuations observed in the DC waveform. In addition, CP technicians recorded DC line current concurrently with P/S potentials and found that there was a correlation between the two.

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Finding the Smoking Gun: Lessons Learned from an HDD Coatings Challenge (Coatings Applications Aren’t as Simple as They Appear)

Product Number: 51323-19008-SG

Author: Karen Bowman, Valerie Sherbondy, Lake Barrett

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Longitudinal cracking had occurred in the protective ARO pipeline coating scheduled for installation. Once the cracks were discovered the cause and extent of the cracking needed to be identified before work could continue. Industry experience has shown that coating failures do not always have a singular cause and often are the result of multiple interacting variables. In addition, the interaction of these variables can be complex in nature.

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Finish Standards For Intumescent Cellulosic Fire Protection

Product Number: 51322-18100-SG

Author: Max Tritremmel

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

When choosing a Fire-Protection material to meet building code requirements to insulate steel for a prescribed period to facilitate safe evacuations and emergency response from commercial buildings in the event of a fire, there are many factors that influence the selection of an Intumescent Fire Resistive Material (IFRM) over a Spray Applied Fire Resistive Material (SFRM). It could be a concern of the weight of the system; Portland Cement based SFRM’s are typically much heavier and bulkier than IFRM’s. Another factor could be durability, based on either corrosion resistance or the ability to withstand considerable physical or environmental damage.

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Finite Element Simulation of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Slab Exposed to Fire

Product Number: MECC23-20050-SG

Author: Muhammad K. Rahman; Saheed K. Adekunle; Madyan A. Al-Shugaa; Hassan Alkhalifah; Yousif A. Smoudi; Mohammed Fasil

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The non-metallic glass fiber reinforced GFRP bars has gained worldwide acceptance recently and are now being used in several applications in reinforced concrete structures such as sea wall, bridges, foundation, marine structure, pavements, barriers, and piles (1–3). The major impetus for its usage in Saudi Arabia emerged from the strategic decision by Saudi Aramco to make it mandatory for several non-structural applications such as slab-on-grade, stormwater channels, bulkheads, and pipe supports. The motivation was to combat the high cost of repair, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of deteriorated steel-reinforced concrete structures in a short span of time (4).

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Fire Behavior of GFRP Reinforced Concrete: State-of-the-Art Review

Product Number: MECC23-19957-SG

Author: Dr. Mohamed Zawam; Eid Bader; Dr. Julien Saade

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the primary cause of premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures, and affects their functionality and safety.

During the last two decades, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have emerged as promising materials that can be used for reinforcing concrete structures. The non-corroding properties of FRPs, their high tensile strength, and their high stiffness to weight ratio made them very attractive substitute to conventional reinforcing steel.

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Fire Protective Coating for Environmentally Friendly City

Product Number: MECC23-19933-SG

Author: Juyeon Hwang; Seokhee Jeong

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Fire-resistant coatings distinguish themselves from regular coatings by serving a crucial function: providing additional time for evacuation in fire emergencies. Their primary role l ies in preventing structural collapse and offering insulation during fires, a function widely acknowledged and substantiated through certification evaluations conducted on numerous products worldwide. Key evaluation methods encompass BS, EN, UL, and class certifications.

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Fitness-for-Purpose Research of OCTG for Underground Gas Storage Applications in H2/CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51320-14698-SG

Author: Yameng Qi, Zhonghua Zhang

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

In China, some underground gas storages (UGS) would be built to reserve the gaseous coal gas (CO, H2, CO2, H2O, etc.). Gaseous hydrogen induced hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and CO2 corrosion could possess great threat to the safety of OCTG in UGS. Fitness-for-purpose research of OCTG materials is urgently expected to screen out the suitable material for tubing application in UGS.
HE resistance and CO2 corrosion of OCTG materials (C110, 3Cr-90S, 13Cr-110 and 13Cr-110S) were investigated by slow strain rate testing and weight loss tests in UGS environments containing CO2 and H2. SSRT results show that both elongation ratio and reduction in area ratio of C110, 13Cr-110 and 13Cr-110S were more than 80%, except for 3Cr-90S. In addition, 3Cr-90S and 13Cr-110 tested in H2/CO2 environments possessed embrittled regions and secondary cracks, respectively. Weight loss test results show that C110 and 3Cr-90S exhibited high corrosion rates, which were classified as severe corrosion followed by qualitative categorization of corrosion rates for oil production systems in NACE RP0775. For stainless steels (13Cr-110 and 13Cr-110S), the corrosion rates were very low (low corrosion). Combined with the above results, 13Cr-110S could be the suitable OCTG material for UGS containing gaseous coal gas.

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Fitness-for-Purpose Testing of UNS R30003, UNS R30035, UNS N07718 and UNS N09946 in Environment with H2S, CO2, and High-Chlorides

Product Number: 51324-20839-SG

Author: Noelle Easter C. Co; Ravi M. Krishnamurthy; Kenneth George; Bjørn-Andreas Hugaas; Ragnar Marcelius Fredriksen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Critical equipment in high pressure high temperature (HPHT) oil and gas wells are commonly made of superalloys. Components in these wells require both high strength and corrosion resistance. In this study, four superalloys: Elgiloy (UNS R30003), MP35N (UNS R30035), Alloy 718 (UNS N07718) and 945X (UNS N09946) were tested in an environment with H2S, CO2, and high chlorides. Four-point bend tests were performed with N07718 and UNS N09946 materials while three-point bend tests were done on UNS R30003 and UNS R30035 in an autoclave with pH2S of 0.025 bar and pCO2 16.6 bar, and 308 g/L Cl- at 363°F for 30 days. Neither cracking nor pitting was observed on any of the four-point or three-point bend specimens. In addition to four-point bend testing, slow strain rate tests were performed on UNS N07718 and UNS N09946 materials. Results of the slow strain rate test showed no significant decrease in ductility in either UNS N09946 or UNS N07718. However, UNS N09946 performed better than UNS N07718 in a high chloride environment based solely on SSRT results.

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Flame Retardant Polyurethane Corrosion Protective Coating

Product Number: 51322-17696-SG

Author: Mohammad Mizanur Rahman

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Metal and its structures corrosion is a natural process. The process started and accelerated in the presence of electrolytes [1, 2]. Thus, it's highly encouraged to stop this electrolyte passage. One of the ways to resist the passage of electrolytes is by making a barrier. The most popular method of such a barrier is an organic coating which mainly comes from polymer resin along with pigments, and additives. Different organic coatings are being used to make a barrier that can ultimately protect the metals and their structures. Epoxy, polyurethane (PU), and acrylate coatings are widely being used for this purpose.

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Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Heat RecoverySteam Generator of a Desalination Plant

Product Number: MECC23-20090-SG

Author: Fatma AlRadhi; Nausha Asrar; Abdulrahman AlEnezi; Ali AlSahary

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the largest producer of desalinated water in the world. Desalination plants of SWCC have a total production of 6.6 million m3/day. Water is produced through reverse osmosis and thermal desalination technologies.

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Flow Assurance Testing With Re-Livened Oil – A Cost-Effective Analogue For Live Oil

Product Number: 51322-17822-SG

Author: Andrew Robert Farrell, Dario Marcello Frigo, Gordon Michael Graham

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Precipitation and deposition of wax or asphaltenes is a commonly encountered issue in the oilfield, causing flow restrictions, compromising the integrity and performance of equipment (some safety critical), limiting access during well interventions, causing “fill” in vessels, stabilizing emulsions and sometimes enhancing corrosion due to under-deposit corrosion and increased biofouling. Developing an effective management strategy that minimizes the total cost associated with these threats requires reliable prediction of whether they will occur, their severity and their location within the production system. Such prediction typically combines the use of compositional data and phase behaviour (typically referred to as “PVT data) with Equation of State (EoS) modelling plus the experimental measurement of key parameters specific to each issue.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance