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Forensic Evaluation of Long-Term Galvanic Cathodic Protection of Bridge Pilings in a Marine Environment

Product Number: 51320-14485-SG

Author: Douglas L. Leng, Matthew Duncan, Ivan R. Lasa

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Marine environments can be very aggressive and present significant challenges in maintaining key infrastructure from the effects of corrosion. In Florida, thousands of bridges are in coastal areas and are continually, or periodically exposed to saltwater conditions. A clear majority of these bridges were constructed using steel reinforced concrete and are supported by precast pilings situated in saltwater, so for this reason, cathodic protection is a necessary strategy for controlling the effects of saltwater induced corrosion.

Toward the early 1980s, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) began the evaluation of different approaches to control saltwater induced corrosion. Some of these included the use of integral pile jackets, specialty materials for concrete repairs, surface applied coatings and other innovative approaches utilizing galvanic anode technology. One such system was jointly developed with industry partners and sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) using integral pile jackets lined with expanded zinc mesh anodes to apply cathodic protection. This innovative approach provides for the problem of concrete repair while at the same time stopping the on-going process of corrosion both combined in one application. Both laboratory and field trials validated the benefits to this approach and confirmed that the system can mitigate corrosion and extend the useful service life of pilings by more than 20 years.

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Forensic Investigation of Corrosion under Insulation from Rust Scale Sample

Product Number: 51324-20890-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana; Salwa Alachkar; Touqeer Sohail; Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari; Shahzad Karim; Graham Brigham

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is among the leading damage mechanisms in oil refining and hydrocarbon production facilities. CUI reportedly drives 40-60 % of the piping-related repairs and constitutes 10% of the overall maintenance spending. Numerous conventional and advanced inspection measures look for the occurrence and severity of CUI. On the other hand, the CUI formation reasons, and kinetics may not be well understood with the common inspection strategies. Like any other type(s) of corrosion, the rust scale samples can provide useful evidence in understanding CUI. With clarity on drivers and kinetics, the root cause analysis and decision making for CUI management can benefit from such information on drivers and kinetics. This article addresses the three different case studies on the forensic investigation of CUI via chemical analysis of rust scale samples. Rust samples from various assets in downstream and upstream facilities were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) which revealed range of corrosion products such as hematite (Fe2O3), goethite (a-FeOOH), akageneite (ß-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4), etc. The study then addresses the kinetics behind these corrosion products and suggests some practical measures for utilizing the forensic information on rust scale(s).

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Forgotten Phenomenon: Corrosion of Galvanized Piping Underground

Product Number: 51324-20595-SG

Author: Michael J. Szeliga

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Water utilities have begun to install galvanized piping underground as a “new” form of corrosion control. While this is being called a “new” approach, the effectiveness of galvanized piping underground has been widely discussed in the corrosion literature for more than 70 years. This paper will summarize some of the documented findings regarding galvanized piping underground that is presented in the corrosion literature. The paper will also discuss the types of galvanizing available and how that impacts the rate of corrosion on galvanized piping underground.

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Formicary Corrosion And EAC Of Copper Tubes In Contact With Building Sealant

Product Number: 51322-17846-SG

Author: Kimberly Steine

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Blue discoloration of off-white sealant in contact with copper tube at medical facilities under
construction was observed. The copper tube was being installed to transport medical-grade gasses and the sealant was used as an acoustical and smoke sealant at through-wall penetrations. In some areas of one facility, galvanized steel pipes inserts were used as sleeves for the copper pipes through the drywall, while in other areas, the copper pipe penetrated directly through the drywall. Observations of the discoloration prompted an evaluation of the copper tube, sealant, and potential adverse interactions.

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Formulation Guidelines for the use of Zinc Flakes in Heavy Duty Corrosion Protection Complying with SSPC Paint 29 Requirements

Product Number: 51323-19533-SG

Author: Peter Wissling, Jon Lawniczak

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

For many years, sacrificial corrosion protective paint formulations based on Zinc consisted of zinc dust at approximate 80% loading and about 10% epoxy binder. This composition is necessary for corrosion protection, as direct zinc to zinc dust contact is only possible at high zinc dust loadings. This goes back to the spherical shape of the zinc dust particles with their low surface area.

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Formulation Of Corrosion Inhibitors Using Design Of Experiment (DOE) Methods And Discovering Highly Performing Inhibitors By High Throughput Experimentation (HTE) Methods Using Critical Micelle Concentration

Product Number: 51321-16994-SG

Author: Nihal Obeyesekere; Jonathan Wylde; Thusitha Wickramarachchi

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Formulation Of Novel Combination Production Chemicals For Deepwater Oil And Gas Fields

Product Number: 51322-17608-SG

Author: Alyn Jenkins, William Cardwell, Alex McRae, Andre Saraceno Meliande

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Hydrocarbon production currently occurs in a variety of onshore and offshore locations. Most offshore production in shallow water (< 500 m) has reached maturity, with most of the more accessible reserves having already been exploited. As a result, exploration and production in offshore environments has been extended to deeper water (> 500 m), which usually incurs more expense and overall project risk for operators and service providers. Production from deepwater oil fields is expected to grow by 40%, to 10 million bpd (10% of total global output), by 2025.

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Fouling, Corrosion, And Wear Protection Of Power Take Off Rods For Wave Energy Conversion - Laser Cladding And Scraping

Product Number: 51322-17891-SG

Author: Johan B. Lindén, Kjell-Åke Andersson, Ross Harnden, Antoine Bonel, Gonçalo Fonseca, Pedro Almeida Vinagre, Emiliano Pinori

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Harvesting ocean energy will play an important role in supplying fossil-free energy for future generations. The oceanic environments around the world are unfortunately of the toughest possible to operate in. Most technologies use a power take-off (PTO) unit with mechanisms that are placed inside protective enclosures or sealed buoys to protect from the harsh environment in seawater. This gives a barrier from the corrosive electrolyte and biological activity that can deteriorate the components. The energy from the oceans in form of relative movements and forces are transferred to the PTOs with help from complex dynamic sealing systems.

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Fracture Failure Analysis of Type HL Sucker Rod in H2S-CO2 Environment

Product Number: 51320-14649-SG

Author: Jiangjiang Zhang, Zhiwen Yang, Wenguang Zeng, Dapeng Li, Yujie Guo, Xiuyun Wang, Qiuying Gao, Lei Zhang

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Recently, there have been several cracking failures of type HL carbon steel sucker rods with evidence of fatigue striation. In order to find out the reason for the fracture failure, the fracture morphology, material properties, loading and corrosion product of the failed type HL 35CrMoA sucker rod were analyzed, combined with the corrosion environment. The results show that the material properties of the failed 35CrMoA sucker rod meet the GB/T 26075-2010 standard requirements. Also the result of loading analysis shows that the loading is far from the fatigue limit stress. The type HL sucker rod’s yield strength is almost 1049 MPa and hardness is 35.2 HRC. In addition, the low in-situ pH and high H2S-CO2 partial pressure places the sucker rods in the Region 3 of sulfide stress corrosion cracking, which means the quenched and tempered sucker rod’s yield strength should not exceed 863 MPa and hardness should not exceed 30 HRC, according to the ISO 15156-2:2015 standard. It is concluded that the high hardness level of the type HL sucker rod led to sulfide stress corrosion cracking in the high H2S-CO2 partial pressure and low in-situ pH condition.

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Fracture Toughness of 41XX Cr-Mo Steel, Super Martensitic Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy in High Pressure Hydrogen Environment

Product Number: 51324-21083-SG

Author: Karthik Krishnan; Shashwat Shukla; Arpana Verma

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Hydrogen is considered one of the options to be used as alternate fuel source to reduce carbon emissions. Towards this there is growing interest in using underground storage for hydrogen gas (H2) which can be stored in larger volumes, higher pressure than surface storage options would allow for. While underground well storage of natural gas is widely understood; there is far less experience in storing H2 only or H2 in blend with natural gas. An area of knowledge gap is the compatibility of metallic materials that need to be used for well construction for underground storage as the assessment of risk for Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) would need to be addressed. In this work, some of the common materials used in well construction for various oil and gas wells, i.e., high strength quenched and tempered 41XX type Cr-Mo steel, Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (Super 13Cr) and Age Hardenable Nickel alloy grade Alloy 925 (UNS N09925) all with similar yield strength levels have been assessed for compatibility with high pressure H2 gas. Evaluation was mainly performed via Fracture Toughness testing in both inert and high pressure H2 gas environment per ASTM E1820.1 Details of this assessment and post testing evaluation of the specimens will be provided in this paper.

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Frequency Analysis Provides Insights During Close Interval Surveys

Product Number: 51322-18147-SG

Author: Elizabeth Nicholson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Close Interval Surveys (CIS) are frequently performed on pipelines to measure the pipe to soil potential. While the instrument is connected to the pipe it is possible to obtain additional types of readings that can be analyzed to provide further information. Many modern electronic instruments are capable of functioning as oscilloscopes in addition to obtaining synchronized CIS readings. The information captured by the oscilloscope function provides a waveform for further analysis. The waveform is captured as a raw, unfiltered signal with at least 2000 data points per second for the duration of the interruption cycle or longer.

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Friction Stir Welding – An Advanced Approach To Repair Nuclear Power Plant Components

Product Number: ED22-17314-SG

Author: W.Tang, M.Gussev, X.Chen, T.M Rosseel

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The harsh environment such as elevated temperature, radiation, elevated pressure, and potentially corrosive in nuclear reactors compromises material performance. Over time, repair and/or replacement through welding is needed for damaged parts and components. Thus, repair welding is essential to ensure the long-term viability, competitiveness, and safe lifetime extensions of the existing US reactor fleet.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance