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Metal and its structures corrosion is a natural process. The process started and accelerated in the presence of electrolytes [1, 2]. Thus, it's highly encouraged to stop this electrolyte passage. One of the ways to resist the passage of electrolytes is by making a barrier. The most popular method of such a barrier is an organic coating which mainly comes from polymer resin along with pigments, and additives. Different organic coatings are being used to make a barrier that can ultimately protect the metals and their structures. Epoxy, polyurethane (PU), and acrylate coatings are widely being used for this purpose.
External corrosion of metal structures is very common. Flame incidents are also common in the industry. Different types of organic coatings are used to delay the corrosion process as well as to act as a flame-retardant material around the world. It is challenging to use one coating for both purposes. To fulfill this demand a series of water borne polyurethane (PU) coating materials were synthesized in this study. Melamine (M) and modified melamine (MM) were used to synthesize the PU dispersion. The coating nature was changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by using M and MM. The coating adhesive strength was also increased with the addition of M and MM. A significant level of improvement was also recorded in corrosion protection and flame-retardant properties. The coating protective performance was higher for MM compared to those for M with fixed compositions.
A leak suddenly occurred at the 24-inch common crude piping from the separators heading to the degassing boot inlets and the wet crude tanks in an oil gathering center. The initial observations showed the leak was due to a deep isolated pit and localized corrosion. Additional inspections by manual ultrasonic thickness (UT) and long range ultrasonic thickness (LRUT) measurements for the 24” common crude line showed similar deep isolated pits (up to 70% thickness reduction) scattered across the length of the 1100 meter piping.
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Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) is the primary coating used in North America for new pipeline construction and is strongly featured in the Middle East1. Pre-coated FBE pipe is routinely stockpiled and stored in large quantities at several locations close to pipeline right-of-ways. Once stockpiled, most of the pipesremain un-used until an inspection and remediation program is initiated2. Integrity projects purchase FBE coated pipe in advance and stockpile it until it is required. In addition, project delays and left-over pipe from completed projects can cause stockpiling for future use for undetermined periods of time. Under ultraviolet (UV) exposure in the presence of air, photooxidative degradation of FBE coatings occurs due to photometrical reactions arising from UV absorption.
Heater Treaters are designed for the removal of emulsifies and unwanted salts from crude oil. They purpose is to facilitate the oil and water separation by breaking emulsions by means of increasing the temperature of the oil, reducing its density and viscosity. A heater treater is a 3-phase separator vessel, equipped with fire tubes, that utilizes heat and mechanical separation devices to facilitate the separation of oil-water emulsions.