AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Comparison Of Corrosion Behavior Of P110 And P110-3Cr Low-Alloyed Steel In Supercritical CO2-Saturated Brine And Water-Saturated Supercritical CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51321-16989-SG

Author: Zezhou Wen; Yong Hua; Anne Neville; Shujie Liu; Xijin Xing; Dapeng Li; Jiong Qian; Yubin Zhou; Jianping Zhu; Xiaoqi Yue; Lei Zhang

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Comparison Of Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing Methods Of Alloy 718

Product Number: 51321-16821-SG

Author: Brian Kagay; Stevew Coryell; Kip Findlet; Steve McCoy

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Comparison of stress corrosion cracking behavior of Fe13Cr5Ni- and Fe17Cr5.5Ni- based high chromium stainless steels in HPHT CO2 environments

Product Number: 51320-14695-SG

Author: Yameng Qi, Chunxia Zhang, Zhonghua Zhang

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of Fe13Cr5Ni- and Fe17Cr5.5Ni-based alloys in HTHP CO2 environments was investigated through slow strain rate tests (SSRT) and electrochemical methods. The results show that a remarkable decrease in tensile strength and elongation to failure was observed when testing in CO2 environment as compared with air. Fe17Cr5.5Ni-based alloys possessed better SCC resistance than Fe13Cr5Ni-based alloys. The increase of Cr and Ni content tended to enhance the resistance to SCC and pitting corrosion. The SCC behaviors of Fe13Cr5Ni- and Fe17Cr5.5Ni-based alloys were closely associated with the repassivation capacity and the resistance to pitting corrosion.

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Comparison of the Corrosion Performance of the As-Printed Surface of SLM 316L to Bulk Material and Wrought Counterpart

Product Number: 51324-20994-SG

Author: Reece Goldsberry; Raymundo Case; Bilal Mansoor; Homero Castaneda

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The effect of laser power on the surface finish and corrosion resistance of as-printed selective laser melted 316L was studied. As-printed surface quality and corrosion response compared to wrought 316L and bulk printed material. The surface quality of the as-printed samples was measured through surface topography and high-resolution techniques. The corrosion resistance was measured using AC and DC electrochemical techniques. The as-printed samples displayed two breakdown stages during polarization. Transpassive behavior occurred at lower potentials, followed by a complete breakdown potential that was near the breakdown potential of the bulk SLM material. The polarization resistance measured from equivalent circuits was very similar to the values obtained for wrought and bulk SLM material.

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Comparison of the Life Cycle Cost of Carbon Steel, Duplex Stainless Steels, Super Austenitic, and Nickel-Based Alloys for Crude Unit Overheard Condensers

Product Number: 51324-21175-SG

Author: Karen Picker; Luiza Esteves

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A refinery in the U.S. Gulf Coast had been using carbon steel tubes in two crude unit overhead condensers that suffered severe corrosion leading to premature failure after just 6 months in service. The metallurgy of the tube bundles was later upgraded to super duplex, UNS S32750, and hyper duplex stainless steel (DSS), S32707, which extended the service life to 12 months and two years, respectively. Failure analysis of the DSS indicated that the corrosion started as under-deposit corrosion. Selective corrosion occurred, where the ferrite phase suffered a preferential corrosion attack. Super Austenitic Alloy 35, UNS N08935, was recommended as an economical alternative to nickel Alloys 625 (UNS N0625 and C-276 (UNS N10276). Material selection and life-cycle cost analysis helped the end user select the super austenitic Alloy as the material of choice for the upgrade. The bundles have been in service for more than two years. This paper evaluates the materials selection process, fabrication cost, and life cycle cost analysis of the different Alloys used in these bundles since the first carbon steel upgrade through the present time.

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Comparison of the Test Severity of HLP Test Solution and NACE TM0284-2016 Test Solution C in HIC Testing

Product Number: 51323-19026-SG

Author: Thomas Haase, Christoph Bosch, Christoph Kalwa

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Steel pipelines designated for the transport of oil and gas containing wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are faced
with the risk of sudden and severe cracking. In sour environments containing water and H2S, hydrogen
atoms, originating from the anodic dissolution of the material, can diffuse into the steel and induce severe
damage. Different forms of cracking may occur, such as Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC), Sulfide
Stress Cracking (SSC) or Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC).

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Comparison of Two ASTM E1820 Standard Fracture Toughness Test Methods for LAS Material in Deaerated Saltwater under Cathodic Protection

Product Number: 51324-21094-SG

Author: Arshad B Gavanluei; Joseph Wilhelmi; Paul Bunch; Matt Vaclavik; Fokion Oikonomidis

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Low alloy steels (LAS), frequently used for pressure-containing equipment in subsea applications, are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement when exposed to seawater environments under cathodic protection (CP), which can result in a reduction of toughness and ductility. Fracture toughness, which is an indication of a material’s resistance to crack propagation and unstable crack growth, is often determined from laboratory tests for design verification analysis or fitness-for-service applications. In hydrogen charging environments such as deaerated saltwater under CP, the fracture toughness is typically measured using either an unloading compliance (UC) or a rising displacement DCPD test method, both of which are described for air testing in the current ASTM E1820 standard. In this study, slow load rate fracture toughness tests on compact tension C(T) specimens using both test methods on the same heat of material are performed and compared. The tests are performed in a deaerated saltwater under CP environment using the same targeted K-rate of 0.005N/mm3/2/s. The UC test method is performed with a clip gauge for load-line displacement (LLD) and in-situ crack depth measurement, and the rising displacement DCPD test method infers LLD indirectly and uses DCPD for crack depth prediction. A comparison of the test results indicated a 35-65% increase in the calculated ???????? fracture toughness of the material when using the rising displacement DCPD test method.

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Comparison Results Between Multi-Functional Probe (Pit Detection + Electrical Resistance) and Weight-Loss Coupons

Product Number: 51323-19245-SG

Author: Byeongho Ki, Cheolho Kang

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pipeline internal corrosion is an important issue that threatens pipeline safety operations. Catastrophic failures of pipelines and equipment due to corrosion-related shortcomings can lead to fires, explosions, and the release of toxic materials into the environment. Regulator noted that more than 9000 failures occurred due to internal corrosion from 1990 to 2012.

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Compatibility of Dope Free Solution with Dense CO2 Streams

Product Number: 51324-20930-SG

Author: Cecile Millet; Guillaume Néel; Florian Thébault; Pierre Mauger

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In the framework of the injection of anthropogenic CO2 for supporting energy transition, more and more wells will be used for injecting dense CO2 streams. Dope free solutions for premium OCTG connections to replace both storage and running thread compounds are beneficial for saving time (lower running time), for environmental considerations (no discharge of dope) as well as improving running performances. However, they have never been qualified in dense CO2 stream environments containing brines, while dense CO2 is known to be a good solvent toward polymers. A test protocol has been designed for that purpose, that combines an exposure to dense CO2 stream then to CO2 saturated brine environment. The objective is to duplicate a CO2 injection well life, from the start of the production, shut-in phases with formation water going up the tubing and restart (saturation of the brines with high CO2 pressure). Evaluation of the performance of a proprietary dope free solution was done by direct comparison with conventional running compounds. It has been observed a resistance of the dope free connection to dense CO2 at least as good as the dope connection on a super duplex material.

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Compatibility Of Steels At 450°-650°C In Supercritical CO2 With O2 And H2O Additions

Product Number: 51322-18018-SG

Author: B. A. Pint, M. J. Lance, R. Pillai, J. R. Keiser

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Using supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) as a working fluid is being explored for a number of power generation technologies including fossil, nuclear, geothermal, concentrating solar power (CSP) and waste heat recovery^1-7. The various sCO₂ cycles are attractive because of the low critical point (31°C/73.8 bar) and the reduced work of compression compared to an ideal gas. While CO₂ is sometimes described as inert, there is a long history of component degradation in subcritical and supercritical CO₂ and a particular concern about internal carburization^8-16.

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Compatibility Of Steels In Supercritical CO2 At 450°-650°C

Product Number: 51321-16724-SG

Author: B. A. Pint; R. Pillai; J. R. Keiser

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Compatibility Study of HDPE Internal Lining in Carbon Steels for Polymer Injection and Mixing Applications

Product Number: 51324-20607-SG

Author: Ahmed Al Yahyaai; Amjad Al Kharusi; Bushra Al Hudar; Hilal Al Shuhumi; Mohammed Al Maqbali

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Oil and gas production consider the nature of the reservoir and the complexity of the forming layers as a governing factor. One of the major challenges that are faced in the oil and gas upstream industry is the complexity of the reservoir in which the production requires enhanced recovery process. Polymer injection is one of the methods that is used widely to enhance the production and increase it accordingly. However, after the polymer preparation and mixing process, a system of flowlines and pipelines is utilized to carry over the final polymer product to the injection wells. This requires a comprehensive study of the material selection options for the pipelines and flowlines that are considered based on their performance, low maintenance requirement, and cost effectiveness. This paper focuses on the testing and qualification of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) internal lined carbon steel that is considered as one of the material selection options for polymer transfer. Further, material selection options are discussed along with the testing and qualification requirements. Compatibility of the high concentrated polymer liquid with HDPE material was tested to design HDPE liner inside CS pipes to transport and inject the polymer into the wells.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance