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Compatibility Of Steels In Supercritical CO2 At 450°-650°C

Picture for Compatibility Of Steels In Supercritical CO2 At 450°-650°C
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Product Number: 51321-16724-SG
Author: B. A. Pint; R. Pillai; J. R. Keiser
Publication Date: 2021
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Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles, particularly direct-fired cycles, have the possibility of revolutionizing clean fossil energy. However, in the lower temperature sections of the cycle, lower cost steels are needed in order to lower the cost of the sCO₂ technology. Representative 9 and 12%Cr steels and conventional and advanced austenitic steels are being evaluated at 450-650°C using mass change, bulk carbon (C) content and room temperature tensile properties to determine the maximum use temperatures for both direct- and indirect-fired sCO₂ cycles. After 1000 h exposures in research grade (RG) sCO2 at 300 bar and RG sCO2 with 1% 02 and 0.1% H2O additions, the results suggest that increasing the Cr content from 9 to 12% yielded no signficant benefit under these conditions but the higher Cr and Ni contents in S31025 provided better compatibility in RG sCO₂ at 650°C but limited benefit at 550°C with impurities. For S31609, the formation of Fe-rich oxide after exposure to RG sCO2 at 650°C resulted in both an increase in the bulk C content and a large drop in room
temperature ductility. The evidence suggests thin, protective oxides prevented C ingress in these conditions.

Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles, particularly direct-fired cycles, have the possibility of revolutionizing clean fossil energy. However, in the lower temperature sections of the cycle, lower cost steels are needed in order to lower the cost of the sCO₂ technology. Representative 9 and 12%Cr steels and conventional and advanced austenitic steels are being evaluated at 450-650°C using mass change, bulk carbon (C) content and room temperature tensile properties to determine the maximum use temperatures for both direct- and indirect-fired sCO₂ cycles. After 1000 h exposures in research grade (RG) sCO2 at 300 bar and RG sCO2 with 1% 02 and 0.1% H2O additions, the results suggest that increasing the Cr content from 9 to 12% yielded no signficant benefit under these conditions but the higher Cr and Ni contents in S31025 provided better compatibility in RG sCO₂ at 650°C but limited benefit at 550°C with impurities. For S31609, the formation of Fe-rich oxide after exposure to RG sCO2 at 650°C resulted in both an increase in the bulk C content and a large drop in room
temperature ductility. The evidence suggests thin, protective oxides prevented C ingress in these conditions.

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