Server maintenance is scheduled for Saturday, December 21st between 6am-10am CST.

During that time, parts of our website will be affected until maintenance is completed. Thank you for your patience.

Menu
Search
Filters
Close
Menu

Compatibility Of Steels At 450°-650°C In Supercritical CO2 With O2 And H2O Additions

Compatibility of Steels at 450°-650°C in Supercritical CO2 with O2 and H2O Additions
Available for download

Using supercritical CO2 (sCO2) as a working fluid is being explored for a number of power generation technologies including fossil, nuclear, geothermal, concentrating solar power (CSP) and waste heat recovery1-7.  The various sCO2 cycles are attractive because of the low critical point (31°C/73.8 bar) and the reduced work of compression compared to an ideal gas.  While CO2 is sometimes described as inert, there is a long history of component degradation in subcritical and supercritical CO2 and a particular concern about internal carburization8-16. 

Product Number: 51322-18018-SG
Author: B. A. Pint, M. J. Lance, R. Pillai, J. R. Keiser
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Science of Corrosion , Coatings
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being commercialized to revolutionize the use of fossil fuels as a low-emission power source.  However, the cycle will increase O2 and H2O in the sCO2 and the implications of these additions have not been fully studied, particularly for lower cost steels that are needed in the lower temperature segments of the plant.  Representative 9 and 12%Cr ferriticmartensitic (FM) steels and conventional and advanced austenitic steels were evaluated at 450-650°C in sCO2 with 1%O2 and 0.1%H2O at 300 bar to determine their maximum use temperatures. Compared to research grade (low impurity) sCO2 in indirect-fired cycles, the mass gains and scale thickness were not significantly changed for FM steels: both formed thick duplex Fe-rich scales with and without impurities.  For austenitic steels, higher mass gains were observed at all temperatures with increased Fe-rich oxide nodule formation.  After 1000 h at 650°C, the measured bulk C content was high for all of the steels with the addition of impurities suggesting a lower maximum operating temperature for steels. The impact of the environment on the post-exposure room temperature tensile properties was also evaluated and compared to 1000 h Ar anneals.

Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being commercialized to revolutionize the use of fossil fuels as a low-emission power source.  However, the cycle will increase O2 and H2O in the sCO2 and the implications of these additions have not been fully studied, particularly for lower cost steels that are needed in the lower temperature segments of the plant.  Representative 9 and 12%Cr ferriticmartensitic (FM) steels and conventional and advanced austenitic steels were evaluated at 450-650°C in sCO2 with 1%O2 and 0.1%H2O at 300 bar to determine their maximum use temperatures. Compared to research grade (low impurity) sCO2 in indirect-fired cycles, the mass gains and scale thickness were not significantly changed for FM steels: both formed thick duplex Fe-rich scales with and without impurities.  For austenitic steels, higher mass gains were observed at all temperatures with increased Fe-rich oxide nodule formation.  After 1000 h at 650°C, the measured bulk C content was high for all of the steels with the addition of impurities suggesting a lower maximum operating temperature for steels. The impact of the environment on the post-exposure room temperature tensile properties was also evaluated and compared to 1000 h Ar anneals.

Product tags
Also Purchased
Picture for Characterization And Further Development Of Austenitic Stainless Steel UNS S20910 Towards New Industrial Applications
Available for download

Characterization And Further Development Of Austenitic Stainless Steel UNS S20910 Towards New Industrial Applications

Product Number: 51322-17648-SG
Author: Clara Herrera, Merlin Seifert, Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper, Julia Ditmann
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

UNS S209101, also known as XM-19 by ASTM A2762, is a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Besides nitrogen (N) it also contains higher amounts of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and a similar molybdenum (Mo) content compared with UNS S31603, as well as small additions of niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V). High contents of Cr, Mo and N confer this stainless steel high localized corrosion resistance. Mo, Mn and Cr increase the nitrogen solubility in iron alloys.
Picture for Closed Loop Corrosion Control: Case Studies Of A Reliable, Robust, & Sustainable Treatment Program
Available for download

Closed Loop Corrosion Control: Case Studies Of A Reliable, Robust, & Sustainable Treatment Program

Product Number: 51322-17723-SG
Author: Michael P. Weberski Jr., Claire Rayner, Dan Meier, Renate Ruitenberg, Bingzhi Chen, Sai Sudhakaran, Steef Vrijhoeven
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

An emerging market driver in industrial water treatment is the move to more sustainable chemistries. Corporate sustainability goals are becoming more common and more stringent. Customers are turning to water treatment companies for innovative solutions that can satisfy their sustainability goals and not sacrifice performance or asset integrity. Indeed, a major trend in evaporative open cooling water treatment is to move away from heavy metals such as zinc and other environmentally questionable materials such as phosphates. Another area of cooling water that is in need of a sustainability refresh is closed cooling loops. The most widespread closed cooling treatment programs are based on combinations of nitrite, molybdate, and borate. All three of these chemicals have regulatory, discharge and/or SH&E concerns.
Chemical Treatment To Mitigate Polythionic Acid SCC Without A Soda-Ash Wash: Laboratory And Plant Experience
Available for download

Chemical Treatment To Mitigate Polythionic Acid SCC Without A Soda-Ash Wash: Laboratory And Plant Experience

Product Number: 51322-17993-SG
Author: B.C. Rollins, K.J. Evans, N. Sutton, J. Esteban
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Different refiners have a variety of procedures in place for hydroprocessing reactor and reactor system shutdowns, depending on the scope of the work to be performed during the downtime. If activities are to be performed inside the reactor (e.g. inspection, maintenance, catalyst changeout, etc.) such that the reactor must be opened to air, shutdowns must include steps to address the various hazards. These same steps must also be applied to associated process equipment related to the reactor system susceptible to similar hazards and damage mechanisms. 
Categories
Industry
Recently viewed
Popular tags
View all

Association for Materials Protection and Performance

© AMPP All Rights Reserved.
Membership Terms of Content Use
Contact Customer Support