AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

Available for download

Performance Of Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 In Sour Service

Product Number: 51322-18029-SG

Author: Liu Cao, Christopher Taylor

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Alloy UNS N07718 (hereafter abbreviated as 718) is one of the most versatile precipitation-hardened nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) used for both surface and sub-sea components in oil and gas production service. API 6ACRA¹ provides heat treatment windows and acceptance criteria for 718 in these oil and gas production environments, in which the heat treatment is intended to obtain high strength and to minimize the formation of δ-phase at grain boundaries. As pointed out in NACE MR0175 Part 3² (Table 1), field failures of 718 components in sour service are primarily related to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at elevated temperatures and hydrogen embrittlement in the lower temperature range. The latter is specifically called galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking (GHSC or GIHSC), which is typically caused by atomic hydrogen uptake from galvanic corrosion or cathodic protection (CP) when 718 is used with steel components in a seawater environment. CP is normally used to protect steel component from corrosion in subsea environments.

Available for download

Performance of API 5L X65 in 138 MPa Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51323-18863-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Carbon steels and low alloy steels are the workhorse of several industries where properties such as strength, fracture toughness and weldability play a key role. In addition to these properties, carbon steels are also the most cost effective materials is several applications. Of particular interest is the API 5L X65 which is widely used in oil and gas exploration, production and transportation service.

Available for download

Performance of Coatings in Seawater: A Field Study

Product Number: 51393-93439-SG

Author: A. Beitelman, v. L. Van Blaricum, A. Kumar

Publication Date: 1993

$20.00

Various polymeric coatings have been exposed to natural saltwater environments in Buzzard' s Bay, MA and at La Costa Island, FL for the last 18 years and 21 years respectively. The coating systems were applied to 8 inch (20.32 cm) by 8 inch (20.32 cm) by 40 feet (12.19 m) A36 steel "H" pilings. The depth of the water ranged from 4 feet (1.22 m) to 8 feet (2.44 m). Periodic visual inspections have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the coating/ primer systems in the splash zone and in the immersed zone. The coatings had windows to evaluate the under film corrosion attack by saltwater present near the Cape Cod canal. The coatings were evaluated according to ASTM visual standards at low tide. Results of the coating inspections and an evaluation of their effectiveness in preventing the corrosion of steel pilings in seawater will be presented.

Available for download

Performance Of Corrosion Inhibitors Under High CO2 Partial Pressures

Product Number: 51321-16735-SG

Author: P. Mekarbane; G. Larrouy; F. Moser; D. Alonzo; B. Allard-Breton; F. Bernard

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

Performance of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Acidic Chloride Solutions containing Bleach

Product Number: 51323-19338-SG

Author: Ling Chen, Vinay Deodeshmukh, Ajit Mishra

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Bleach is widely used domestically or industrially in many fields. For example in water treatment, bleach is a very effective additive for disinfection and odor control. It is used for treating polluted water containing organic contaminates and waterborne pathogens.

Available for download

Performance of Damaged Thermal Spray Coatings in Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Used in Geothermal Plants

Product Number: 51324-21060-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul; Catherine Leahy

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In the landscape of transitioning to clean energy sources, geothermal energy is likely to be a key player in the energy mix. Geothermal energy technology has expanded its scope from primarily serving the electricity market to encompass a wider array of applications within the energy sector. This evolution includes sustainable heating and cooling solutions, making geothermal energy a dependable and cost-efficient source of renewable power, unaffected by weather conditions. However, corrosion poses a significant challenge in numerous geothermal facilities, exerting a considerable adverse influence on the economic viability of the geothermal sector. The capacity to engineer surfaces to combat corrosion represents a valuable tool for both engineers and plant operators, enhancing maintenance and repair practices. This paper explores the possibility of using thermal spray coatings on steel substrates and modify its corrosion behaviour in phase change materials (PCMs) used in geothermal plants. The selection of thermal spray coatings was guided by factors such as their documented performance, applicability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. The philosophy was to select coatings that were anodic to the substrate in molten PCM that would protect the substrate in case of any damage to the coating. Carbon steel substrate with thermal spray coatings of Al was prepared, artificial defect was created, and the specimen were exposed to molten nitrate-nitrite PCM at 165°C for 168h. After testing, the specimen was visually examined and detailed post-test characterisation [light and electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) etc] of surface and cross-sections was carried out. These measurements provided an indication of performance of the coatings and allowed further understanding of the mechanism of degradation of materials in nitrate-nitrite PCM in the presence of artificially-introduced through-thickness coating defect. The study showed that thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) could provide a possible corrosion mitigation pathway for carbon steel structures in nitrate-nitrite based PCM systems even when damaged.

Available for download

Performance of Distributed Galvanic Anode Systems in Bridge Structures

Product Number: 51323-19214-SG

Author: Ben Ricker, Max Nie, Liao Haixue

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion of reinforcing steel is recognized as the major cause of the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Exposure to de-icing salts, seawater and chloride-containing set accelerators, plays a significant role in reinforcing steel corrosion (Figure 1). When the chloride content at the rebar level exceeds the threshold for initiation of corrosion, the passivation protective film on the rebar surface is destroyed and a corrosion cell can form either on the same piece of rebar with anodic and cathodic sites adjacent to each other, or a macro-cell between two different layers of reinforcement.

Available for download

Performance of Distributed Galvanic Anode Systems on Bridges in the United States

Product Number: 51323-19172-SG

Author: J. Chris Ball, Matt Miltenberger, Brian Pailes

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Embedded galvanic anodes designed to protect reinforcing steel in chloride-contaminated concrete adjacent to concrete “patch” repairs were developed in the late 1990’s. The original concrete anode was puck-shaped and consisted of high purity zinc encased in a mortar formulated with high porosity and lithium hydroxide to maintain a pH greater than 14 to keep the zinc active over the life of the anode. This approach of a high pH mortar around the zinc to prevent anode passivation is commonly referred to as alkali-activation.

Available for download

Performance Of Laser Additively Manufactured Alloys In (Light Water) Reactor Environments

Product Number: ED22-17282-SG

Author: Bogdan Alexandreanu, Xuan Zhang, Yiren Chen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Nuclear power has been the largest source of carbon-free power in the U.S. (and much of the developed world) for almost a half century. As such, in the U.S. today, nuclear power plants of the Light Water Reactor (LWR) design generate 20% of all electricity, comprising over half of carbon-free electricity generation. In order to meet the short-term 2030 greenhouse gas emission reduction target, the existing nuclear fleet will play an important role, while the development and deployment of advanced reactors such as the small modular reactors (SMR) of the LWR design can be accelerated.

Available for download

Performance of Thermal Spray Coatings in Phase Change Materials (PCMs) used in Geothermal Plants

Product Number: 51323-18862-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul, Catherine Leahy

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Geothermal energy has been an integral part of the renewable energy mix for several decades. The total installed geothermal power generation capacity by the end of 2021 was 15,854 MW. Despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic, new capability was developed, and capacity was added in several countries. The capacity was increased by 246 MW from the figure in 2020.4

Available for download

Performance of Thermally Sprayed Aluminium in 10MPa Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51324-21069-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul; Catherine Leahy

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper reports the performance of thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) in an aqueous solution pressurized with 10MPa supercritical CO2 at 40°C. Carbon steel specimen (BS EN 10025 S355) was coated with TSA and exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution pressurised with 10MPa CO2. The specimen was taken out after the 168h test and post-test examination was carried out. Post-test visual examination indicate no significant signs of damage which was confirmed by microstructural characterization. The SEM micrographs indicated promising behaviour of TSA with no corrosion was seen at the TSA-steel interface. However, one must note that the test was carried out for 168h and such short term test seldom give long-term corrosion performance. Nonetheless, the initial results looks interesting and provides some indication of TSA’s promise for protection of steel against CO2 corrosion.

Available for download

Performance Test Results of New Artificial Non-Metallic Abrasive

Product Number: MPWT19-14265

Author: Sangki Chi, Ebad ul Haque, Shaj K. Manjalivalapil

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Abrasive material forms a major component for surface preparation in coating applications. Since blastin
g method developed in 1890s, abrasive materials and its application methods also significantly improve
d to enhance blasting efficiency. In general, steel grit and shot ball are being used predominantly as me
tallic abrasives. Garnet and coal slag are used as non-metallic abrasives. Each abrasive is selected and
applied in accordance with the work location and substrate material of structures to be coated. In this st
udy, we have evaluated a new artificial non-metallic abrasive (ferrochrome slag) which is a by-product fr
om ferrochrome production process for stainless steel. This evaluation also included the checking of sur
face cleanliness performance and coating quality based on international test methods and field trials. Fo
r verifying the cleanliness quality, various tests were conducted as per international standards (ISO 850
1-8503). Sea water immersion test (ISO 2812-2) and cyclic test (ISO 12944-9) were carried out to check
coating performance after blasting. The field test results indicates that all inspection and quality criteria o
f surface preparation were met as per international standards. Furthermore, coating performance test re
sults also showed this abrasive does not have any adverse effect on coating properties.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance