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Picture for Top of Line Corrosion in Multiphase Gas Line Operational Feedbacks
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Top of Line Corrosion in Multiphase Gas Line Operational Feedbacks

Product Number: 51323-19486-SG
Author: Suryani, Rudi Rinaldi, Albertino Prabowo, Farih Mitraningsih, Aji Samiaji
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

The first case of top of line corrosion (TLC) in Tunu gas field was reported by Gunaltun et al in 19991. Inline
inspection (ILI) of two carbon steel pipelines distributing multiphase effluent, showed up to 50% metal
loss at 11.00 – 01.00 o’clock at several sections. Visual examination of a cut section showed that the top
of line was covered with iron carbonate layer with deep pits, and severe metal loss occurred on large
surfaces at these area.
Picture for Top of Line Corrosion Probabilistic Risk Analysis for Wet Sour Subsea Pipeline
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Top of Line Corrosion Probabilistic Risk Analysis for Wet Sour Subsea Pipeline

Product Number: 51319-13116-SG
Author: Faisal Al-Abbas
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Top of Line Corrosion (TLC) occurs in a multiphase flow when water vapor condenses at the top and the sides of the pipeline leading to a severe corrosion attack. This study investigated the probabilistic risk of TLC for wet sour gas subsea pipeline using flow modeling and corrosion predications. The flow assurance hydraulic study showed that most of water drops out over the first few kilometers as the gas is cooled and becomes much less through the rest of the offshore part until they reach onshore area where the gas temperature drops further due to Joule-Thomson effect. It was anticipated that corrosion activities will be higher at the high condensation locations. The corrosion prediction modeling revealed high corrosion severity driven by Top of Line Corrosion (TLC). In order to maintain the system integrity the internal coating supplemented by V-jet batch inhibitor injection has been selected to protect against TLC. This study has realized the challenge to apply the batch treatment as it requires process interruption to meet scraper speed limitations. Therefore the industry path forward should consider the development of novel TLC treatments that to be applied with no impact on operations.
Picture for TOP OF THE LINE CORROSION – COMPARISON OF MODEL PREDICTIONS WITH FIELD DATA
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TOP OF THE LINE CORROSION – COMPARISON OF MODEL PREDICTIONS WITH FIELD DATA

Product Number: 51312-01449-SG
ISBN: 01449 2012 CP
Author: Ussama Kaewpradap
Publication Date: 2012
$20.00
Picture for Top of the Line Corrosion Mechanism for Multiphase Sour Gas Subsea Pipeline
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Top of the Line Corrosion Mechanism for Multiphase Sour Gas Subsea Pipeline

Product Number: 51323-18782-SG
Author: Faisal M. Al-Abbas, Marwan S Alsulami, Hadi F Al-Mansour Ayman A. Alabdullatif, Fadhel H. Asfoor, Mohammed M. Al Zamanan
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

The hydrocarbon exploration in the ocean and deep sea was started as early as early as the 1850s, when the first drilling was carried out in California, USA. Other early oil explorations activities were later recorded in Pakistan (1886), Peru (1869), India (1890) and Dutch East Indies (1893). The development of an offshore industry is directly related to the development of subsea pipelines as well. As the industry expands towards deeper waters, the pipelines are required to have better materials, designs, operation practices and maintenance strategies to withstand the challenging environments. These pipelines are exposed to elevated temperatures, high pressures, and corrosive fluids.
Picture for Toward a Preliminary Mechanistic Understanding of Co-Evaporation and Co-Condensation of Top-of-the-Line Corrosion Inhibitors
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Toward a Preliminary Mechanistic Understanding of Co-Evaporation and Co-Condensation of Top-of-the-Line Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51324-20605-SG
Author: Wei Zhang; David Orta; Ian Gilbert; Alyn Jenkins
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
The mass transfer of continuously injected corrosion inhibitor (a complex organic mixture) for top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) mitigation has been the subject of multiple research topics. These include the evaluation of the initial atomization of the inhibitor and the partitioning characteristics between the liquid and gas phases, as well as the effective performance of inhibitors at various distances from the injection point. However, current TLC modeling programs do not account for these effects, and a significant gap currently exists between the requirements of TLC inhibitors and accurate TLC modeling with corrosion inhibitors. To build a foundation for a mechanistic understanding of the mass transfer of TLC inhibitors, this paper reviews the recent progress in the study of the co-evaporation and co-condensation of organic mixtures with surfactants. During the evaporation and condensation process, a new phase is created. This paper discusses the use of surface tension as a promising new TLC inhibitor evaluation criterion, in addition to overall volatility, to improve TLC models.
Picture for Toward Objective Evaluation Of FRP Corrosion Barrier Condition
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Toward Objective Evaluation Of FRP Corrosion Barrier Condition

Product Number: 51322-17669-SG
Author: Geoff Clarkson
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and other polymeric materials are used in many ways to reduce and manage corrosion damage for industrial, infrastructure and municipal applications. It is common practice to use the term “resin” for polymers in these materials. This paper uses polymer interchangeably with resin. This paper will also only consider glass fiber reinforcements.
Picture for Towards Automated Development and Evaluation of Optimal Corrosion Inhibitor Products
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Towards Automated Development and Evaluation of Optimal Corrosion Inhibitor Products

Product Number: 51323-18783-SG
Author: Hector Klie, Arturo Klie, Ana Ferrer, Yolanda De-Abreu
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

In most engineering and scientific applications, machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) methods in general, are primarily oriented to design a statistical/heuristic procedure to predict the outcome of a system under new conditions. This mechanism aims at exploring non-evident correlations between inputs and outputs that are embedded in the data. However, a large body of this effort relies on black-box function approximations (e.g., neural networks) that have shown limitations to elucidate additional insights from the underlying physical process that generated the data. Thus, this type of knowledge is generated in a data-driven manner without fully explaining the physics governing the problem.
Picture for Towards Hydrogen Permeation Testing of Novel Coatings for Steel Pipelines using an Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging Method
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Towards Hydrogen Permeation Testing of Novel Coatings for Steel Pipelines using an Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging Method

Product Number: 51323-19148-SG
Author: Darren Feenstra, Somaieh Salehpour, Beth McNally, Mike Bruhis, Kaveh Sarikhani, Joey Kish
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Canada’s existing natural gas pipeline network is being considered to help store and distribute high pressure hydrogen, when blended with natural gas, to support transition to the hydrogen economy. The importance of this topic to Canada is well document in the Federal Government’s call to action “Hydrogen Strategy for Canada”, which includes benefits such as: (i) positioning Canada to become a worlding-leading supplier of hydrogen technologies, (ii) employing hydrogen as a key enabler to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, and (iii) generating more than 350,000 high paying jobs, including unique opportunities for indigenous communities and businesses.
Picture for Tracer Studies in Boiler Scale and Corrosion Control
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Tracer Studies in Boiler Scale and Corrosion Control

Product Number: 51323-19005-SG
Author: Haiping Lu, Swamy Margan, Dean Diagostine
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00


Boilers are one of the most fundamental systems in refineries or processing plants. It is very critical to assess and control the conditions of boilers to avoid the operation failure. Scale and corrosions are major problems in the boiler. Boiler chemical treatment has been considered to be a cost-effective approach to prevent deposition formation and minimize corrosion in boilers to control feeding chemicals, tracers are used for monitoring chemical dosage levels. The usage of fluorescent tracers for dosage control and system diagnostics is a recognized approach for decreasing operator workload and improving system performance.
Traffic Bearing Coating Systems in the Parking Structure Market
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Traffic Bearing Coating Systems in the Parking Structure Market

Product Number: 41216-979-SG
Author: Mosby Wiley Lawrence IV
Publication Date: 2016
$20.00

The program focuses on aiding an engineer, contractor, or decision maker in selecting the most appropriate type of traffic bearing coating system for a given application for parking structures. The program reviews the various type of traffic bearing coating systems that are offered in today’s market, the pros and cons of each and how the parking structure construction type (precast, cast in place, etc.) may affect performance of these systems. 
Tralopyril Antifouling Agent
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Tralopyril Antifouling Agent

Product Number: 41213-753-SG
Author: David Hunter
Publication Date: 2013
$20.00

Tralopyril was developed as a marine antifouling agent for use in antifouling coatings. The compound has been registered with the US EPA since 2007. Since then, a range of marine coatings have been developed utilizing tralopyril for control of barnacles and other invertebrate animal fouling organisms, frequently, but not exclusively, in combination with a soft fouling control agent. 
Picture for Transient Cathodic Method to Measure Oxygen Diffusivity in Concrete
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Transient Cathodic Method to Measure Oxygen Diffusivity in Concrete

Product Number: 51319-13409-SG
Author: Hesham Mraied
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Oxygen diffusivity Dox is a key parameter in modeling corrosion rate of steel in concrete. Measuring Dox can be a complicated and slow process in conditions or geometries not always representative of those encountered by rebar in concrete. A method is introduced that eliminates someof those difficulties by using transient cathodic current measurements in reinforced concrete specimenssubject to alternating air/nitrogen mixtures. Experimental examples and modeling simulations are presented.
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