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A common frustration in our industry is the project submittal process. Engineers, Consultants, owners and manufactures are frustrated by the process. How do you really know what products are right for your project? Data from recent studies show that projects where two or more manufacturers’ products are specified, results in overall project savings of 23% or more. This demands a closer look at the selection and specification process.
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This paper will explore several variables which affect the tungsten carbide coating material deposited by a high velocity thermal spray process (HVTS) on Oil & Gas components such as valve sealing components (gate, ball, seat) and on other equipment (pistons for example on BOP’s or Blow Out Preventers). The purpose of coating these components is to gain wear/abrasion resistance as well as to impart some corrosion resistance.
The new epoxy based repair materials offer significant advantages over conventional patching compounds. Ease of use, the ability to conduct large and complex repairs with long-term durability make epoxy based repair materials the choice for today’s painting contractor.
Extending service life of an offshore wind tower brings value to the owner and has the added benefit of reducing environmental impact. Arguably the biggest threat to service- life is degradation. When constructing with steel, corrosion is the threat to mitigate. Coatings formulated with zinc dust have been the primary strategy for protection. Zinc dust incorporated into silicate resins is considered an inorganic zinc coating. In recent years silicate finishes made without zinc have entered the market to create a two- coat inorganic system offering unmatched corrosion protection in a finish with various color options. The silicate resin is low carbon and won’t contribute to microplastic accumulation in the ocean. This paper will explain what a two- coat inorganic corrosion resistant system is, how it works, what it looks like and most importantly how it extends the life- cycle of wind towers by inhibiting corrosion for decades.
To protect against corrosion, exterior Department of Defense (DoD) Aboveground Storage Tank (AST) surfaces initially receive a three-coat coating system consisting of epoxy primer (MIL-DTL-24441, Formula 159, Type III), epoxy intermediate (MIL-DTL-24441, Formula 152, Type IV), and polyurethane topcoat (MILPRF-85285D, Type II). Exterior AST maintenance painting is generally required at less than eight years’ service.
In 2003 Connecticut Department of Transportation (DOT) conducted a study to quantify the throughput and cost savings potential of a PAS two-coat system versus a three-coat system. The study showed that a PAS two-coat system had a 31% increase in productivity and direct cost savings of approximately $6 per square foot, with indirect cost savings of $18 per square foot when including the benefits of reduced traffic congestion.17 PAS two-coat systems utilize a zinc-rich primer for galvanic protection; the epoxy and polyurethane layers are replaced by a high-build PAS topcoat.
A fit for purpose qualification of new corrosion inhibitors was carried out for in a gas and condensate field. The depth of production well is 4,500 m and the bottom hole temperature and pressure are 180ºC and 50 MPa respectively. The methodology and result of the inhibitor evaluation under a sweet condition was summarized. Two brands of corrosion inhibitors had been used each for production tubing and flowline in the field. New corrosion inhibitors were evaluated for the both applications. The corrosion inhibitor efficiency for high shear service and the adhesion tendency were evaluated with a rotating cage autoclave and a dip and drip experiment respectively. In order to evaluate the tendency of emulsion forming, oil, brine and an inhibitor were poured into a centrifuge tube and it was shaken intensely. Gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were studied to measure the residual amount of inhibitor. Finally, the field trial was conducted with a new inhibitor. The new inhibitor was adopted successfully for the both services. The risk of emulsion forming became lower because the mixing of two brands of inhibitors was avoided. Reducing the number of the chemicals contributed to reduction of the operation cost too.
Historically, regulators, industry and other research organizations have performed research on materials harvested from a broad range of components, including the reactor pressure vessel (RPV), internals, and piping. Harvesting has included both service-aged materials as well as components from unfinished reactors. This harvesting and associated research has provided valuable insights into materials performance, such as flaw populations, materials properties, aging effects and non-destructive evaluation effectiveness.
Surface preparation techniques have evolved with the acceptance of UHP waterjetting (UHP WJ). The new technique has proven to provide benefits in not only workflow, but also in the overall project’s pocketbook as well. With quality requirements rising and budgets for maintenance activities decreasing, UHP WJ has become the ideal surface preparation solution.
Almost 20 years ago the use of Ultra High Pressure Waterjetting (UHP) in shipyards for maintenance and for offshore projects started to be pushed, due to the development of surface and moisture tolerant paint technology becoming available. This was recognized by the likes of US Navy and Petrobras at the time.
Current fatigue assessments for the fatigue life of a plant component are usually based on methodologies that use uniaxial fatigue test data (i.e. ASME Section III, and are intended to be conservative for design and fitness-for-purpose assessments when applied to plant components and loading. This data is generated through cyclic loading of specimens at a constant amplitude, and failure is usually defined as when there is a load drop of 25% from steady state stress under strain-controlled conditions (or specimen separation for stress control). The corresponding number of cycles is then used as the definition of fatigue life for a particular strain amplitude. It is known that there are differences between fatigue behaviour in an idealised laboratory setting and in-service components which can contribute to excessive conservatism in plant assessments.