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Picture for Underground AC Power Transmission Line Feasibility Study
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Underground AC Power Transmission Line Feasibility Study

Product Number: 51319-13034-SG
Author: Matthew Lechelt
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Alternating Current (AC) interference affects pipelines collocated near high voltage transmission lines. While overhead high voltage AC transmission line collocations are common underground high voltage AC transmission line collocations while less common can cause similar interference effects on pipelines. This paper describes a feasibility evaluation of a proposedunderground transmission line route in the United Kingdom affecting a nearby pipeline. The proposed transmission line was to consist of either three 220 kV circuits or six 132 kV circuits; both cases were evaluated. The proposed transmission line phase cables were to be installed with concentric sheath conductors direct buried in a close trefoil configuration and bonded to underground splice boxes at various locations. In addition to the proposed transmission line route the project evaluated a set of base cases: a typical pipeline paralleling at varying offsets for various lengths under a variety of operating conditions and a typical pipeline crossing scenario. The effect of soil resistivity on the interference levels experienced by the pipeline was considered. The feasibility study assessed the expected steady state fault state and AC corrosion effects that the proposed transmission line could have on any nearby pipelines. Results for all cases and scenarios will be discussed.Key words: AC interference case study underground AC power transmission pipeline integrity
Understanding Adhesion Test Data - The Importanceof Round Robin Evaluations
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Understanding Adhesion Test Data - The Importanceof Round Robin Evaluations

Product Number: 41208-455-SG
Author: Lloyd Smith, J. Peter Ault
Publication Date: 2008
$20.00

Current ASTM standards require a statement of precision and bias as part of the standard test method. This statement allows a user to properly interpret results obtained by a competent operator. Development of these statements typically involves an interlaboratory study, commonly referred to as a round-robin test.  
Picture for Understanding Alkalinity for Use in Corrosion Prediction
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Understanding Alkalinity for Use in Corrosion Prediction

Product Number: 51324-21064-SG
Author: Bruce Brown; Yougui Zheng; Jason Dreher; Marc Singer
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Parameters reported in production fluid water chemistry analyses are used by engineers for determination of scaling tendency and corrosivity, thus promoting optimal production rates while maintaining asset integrity. Water chemistry analysis documents report ion concentrations, total alkalinity, and various graphical data sets related to the tested brine which are designed to assist field engineers. The alkalinity value provided in these documents is of utmost importance to corrosion engineers as it is a measure of the capacity of an aqueous solution to resist changes in acidification. Alkalinity can also be directly linked to the in situ pH of the produced brine and can therefore provide key inputs to assess and predict its corrosivity. Yet, including alkalinity into corrosion production models can be challenging considering there is still much uncertainty among operators about the validity and meaning of the reported alkalinity value. For that reason, recent publications (two AMPP standards) have focused on providing additional guidelines to those who need this knowledge. This is of key importance for the optimization of appropriate and economic corrosion and scaling mitigation strategies. This paper will review the use of the alkalinity term and water chemistry analysis with goals of minimizing confusion and optimizing the use of proper data input for corrosion prediction models.
Picture for Understanding and Addressing the Challenges of Assessing the Corrosion Fatigue of Metallic Materials
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Understanding and Addressing the Challenges of Assessing the Corrosion Fatigue of Metallic Materials

Product Number: 51317--8918-SG
ISBN: 8918 2017 CP
Author: Christopher Engler
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

How the selection of testing parameters affects the corrosion fatigue reststance of structural materials typically used in drilling equipment. Results obtained using the developed test methodology are compared with traditional testing such as high-chloride acidified solution
Picture for Understanding Atmospheric Corrosion Damage On An Aircraft Representative Galvanic Specimen: A Two-Pronged Approach That Combines Modeling With Experimental Measurement
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Understanding Atmospheric Corrosion Damage On An Aircraft Representative Galvanic Specimen: A Two-Pronged Approach That Combines Modeling With Experimental Measurement

Product Number: 51322-17638-SG
Author: Thomas Curtin, Robert Adey, Andres Peratta
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Aircraft representative galvanic test articles and witness coupons were placed out for atmospheric exposure testing at the U.S. Naval Research Lab (NRL) site in Key West, Florida. One set of test specimens was exposed to only ambient environment for a 62 day period; a second set of test specimens was exposed to both ambient environment (initial 62 days), and a short duration, twice daily, seawater spray protocol over a further 55 day period. Environmental loading was monitored using sensors that measured temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and time of wetness (TOW), at 30 minute intervals. Following retrieval, the test articles were inspected in the laboratory using laser profilometry to characterize the spatial distribution and depth of corrosion damage. Mass loss measurement using the witness coupons was used to estimate relative corrosion rates for the two periods.
Picture for Understanding Carbon Steel Corrosion and Inhibition in Deep Pit-Like Features Under Thick Deposit Layers
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Understanding Carbon Steel Corrosion and Inhibition in Deep Pit-Like Features Under Thick Deposit Layers

Product Number: 51323-19284-SG
Author: Raeesa Bhamji, Frederick Pessu, Joshua Owen, Richard Barker
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Corrosion of carbon steel is the most prominent reason for pipeline failure in a range of industries, from oil and gas transportation to water treatment facilities and nuclear waste storage. Under-deposit corrosion occurs in low fluid flow rate environments, when particulate matter (such as sand and clay) settles on the bottom of transportation pipelines. The presence of deposits results in a diffusion barrier, which significantly alters interfacial solution chemistry compared with that of the bulk.
Picture for Understanding Effect Of Scribe Method On Variability In Accelerated Corrosion Test Results
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Understanding Effect Of Scribe Method On Variability In Accelerated Corrosion Test Results

Product Number: 51322-17897-SG
Author: Sarah Specht
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

The coatings industry has made widespread use of a variety of accelerated test methods to quickly and effectively evaluate coating performance. Such accelerated methods are advantageous for predicting coating system performance where real-time testing is impractical. For example, it is not practical to evaluate coatings in harsh environments where coatings are expected to last for decades when the pace of innovation and new coating development is faster than the test time would need to be. Therefore a variety of test methods exist to evaluate coatings on metal substrates, such as steel or aluminum. Coatings that will be subjected to corrosive environments require testing in environments to simulate the effects of corrosion, typically involving exposure to moderate salt concentration and elevated temperatures for a specified amount of time. Such tests, testing environments, and evaluation methods include ASTM B117,ISO 9227, and ISO 12944, to name a few.
Picture for Understanding Effective Corrosion Inhibitor Performance For Oil Pipeline Transport Using Innovative Residual Analysis Techniques
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Understanding Effective Corrosion Inhibitor Performance For Oil Pipeline Transport Using Innovative Residual Analysis Techniques

Product Number: 51321-16752-SG
Author: Peng Jin; Shujun Gao; Sankaran Murugesan; Sunder Ramachandran; Zhengwei Liu; Tracey Jackson; Lei Huang
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Understanding Insulation Chemistry Proven to Inhibit Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
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Understanding Insulation Chemistry Proven to Inhibit Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)

Product Number: 51317--8876-SG
ISBN: 8876 2017 CP
Author: David Shong
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

Since 2002, a corrosion inhibiting chemistry package has been an integral part of two specific industrial insulations. This paper explains, at a molecular level, how this package engages a two-pronged defense (physical coating and pH buffering) against CUI.
Understanding Materials Testing as it Relates to Product Evaluation and Selection in the Polymeric Flooring and Coatings Industry
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Understanding Materials Testing as it Relates to Product Evaluation and Selection in the Polymeric Flooring and Coatings Industry

Product Number: 41214-856-SG
Author: Steven Schroeder
Publication Date: 2014
$20.00

Then design professionals, or prospective users of polymeric flooring and coating systems review product data sheets, they rely largely on reported test values to make decision as to the appropriateness of a particular product. They review physical strength characteristics such compressive and tensile strength to make a determination if a particular product possesses the required properties to provide the intended service on a project.
Picture for Understanding of Corrosion Inhibitor Behavior through Interaction between Stearic Acid and Alkane
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Understanding of Corrosion Inhibitor Behavior through Interaction between Stearic Acid and Alkane

Product Number: 51324-20900-SG
Author: Susumu Hirano; Tatsuya Sei; Midori Kawasaki; Atsushi Kobayashi
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
A principle of corrosion inhibitor behavior in an oil pipeline was studied with stearic acid and alkane. The role of corrosion inhibitor is explained by the function of surfactant, i.e., partition from oil to water, dispersion in water and adsorption on metal surface. Stearic acid alkane solution was treated as a single component model inhibitor. The performance of the model inhibitor was evaluated by measuring corrosion rates of carbon steel in a metal-oil-water system. Interfacial tension and total organic carbon were measured to investigate the dispersion of the model inhibitor. The corrosion rate was influenced by the carbon chain length of alkane, flow speed and pH of the test solution. The carbon chain length and flow rate seemed to affect the dispersion of the model inhibitor in the aqueous phase in association with the interfacial tension between alkane and water. Alkane dissociation at pH 5.5 seemed to accelerate the adsorption of the model inhibitor.
Picture for Understanding of the Co-deposition of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Deposition in ESP
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Understanding of the Co-deposition of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Deposition in ESP

Product Number: 51321-16296-SG
Author: Tao Chen/Mohammed Bataweel/Qiwei Wang/Salem Balharth
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
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