AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Understanding Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of X-65 (UNS K03014) Carbon Steel in CO2 Saturated Environments: The Temperature Effect

Product Number: 51314-4214-SG

ISBN: 4214 2014 CP

Author: Frederick Pessu

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

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Understanding Sour Service Performance of Coiled Tubing

Product Number: MPWT19-14407

Author: Bruce Reichert, Claudio Morales, Martin Valdez

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Coiled tubing is a long (sometimes more than 25000 feet) electrical resistance welded pipes that is uncoiled for the deployment of oil and gas wells to perform a variety of jobs that involve subjecting the pipe to high pressure, axial loads, and contact with acidification, and production environments among others. Since the pipe is coiled and deployed multiple times for different jobs during its lifespan, it is typically plastically deformed and fatigued.
This paper discusses the challenges of improving the performance of this welded pipe base material, as well as its multiple welds, when facing an inhibition failure that could cause exposure to corrosive and/or embrittlement environments.
The product development process resulted in the complete modification of steel chemistry, its welding procedures and heat treatment process. The testing program includes, among other tests, the exposure of the pipe to different environments, followed by fatigue testing to determine the remaining material resistance after such exposure.

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Understanding the Breathing-Air System in Abrasive Blasting

Product Number: 41215-891-SG

Author: Thomas E. Enger

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines abrasive blasting as “using compressed air or water to direct a high-velocity stream of an abrasive material to clean an object or surface, remove burrs, apply a texture or prepare a surface for the application of paint or other type of coating.” OSHA regulations governing General Industry, Construction, and Shipyards mandate the use of abrasive-blast respirators approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Blast respirators are Type-CE supplied-air respirators, commonly known as “blast helmets.” This article will review and explain the components and the requirements pertaining to the use of these respirators.

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Understanding the Corrosion Performance and Mechanism of Stainless and Carbon Steels in Different Storage and Transportation of Pyrolysis Oil Environments

Product Number: 51324-21226-SG

Author: Minkang Liu; Xue Han; Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study assessed the suitability of two candidate materials for use in fast pyrolysis reactors and their core components. An immersion test conducted at temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C over a 7- day period revealed significant corrosion in carbon steel A516-70, with corrosion rates reaching up to 6.24 mm/year. In contrast, UNS S32205 displayed impressive resistance to corrosion, even at 80 °C. Fe2O3 have been identified as the major corrosion products on A516-70, chromium oxides and spinel oxides were found on UNS S32205. The primary corrosive agents were identified as organic acids present in the pyrolysis oil, owing to the oil's high total acidic number and low pH value. Ongoing microscopic characterizations aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying corrosion mechanisms.

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Understanding the Discrepancies in Wet Bottom and Dry Bottom MASTMAASIS Testing Results of AA2060

Product Number: 51317--9171-SG

ISBN: 9171 2017 CP

Author: Mary Parker

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In the current study, in-situ measurements were used to deconstruct the testing environment of dry-bottom (DB) ASTM G85-A2 to provide an understanding of what makes this test successful when others are not.

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Understanding the Effect of Pigging and Corrosion Inhibitor Injection on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Product Number: 51319-13103-SG

Author: Jaspreet Mand

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a persistent problem for many oil and gas production operations. Carbon steel pipelines are particularly susceptible to biofilm formation by microorganisms which consequently threatens the integrity of these lines. Although MIC within pipelines is challenging to mitigate it is generally accepted that pigging a mechanical cleaning process that removes water oil scales and solids from the pipeline surface is an effective method to control biofilm formation. However not all pipelines can be effectively pigged to counter biofilm development. In many cases partially removed or unremoved biofilms are exposed to continuously injected film-forming corrosion inhibitors (CI) which are used to mitigate acid gas corrosion in pipelines.To date the individual and combined effects of pigging and CI injection on biofilm formation and subsequent corrosion has not been well-studied.To this end corrosive consortia consisting of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea were grown as biofilms on carbon steel coupons under defined laboratory conditions. Biofilms were grown for a period of 3 weeks in order to establish base (unmitigated) MIC rates. Once biofilms were established the coupons were exposed to one of the following corrosion mitigation treatments: (1) simulated pigging using a wire brush (2) exposure to a CI-containing medium or (3) a combination of both. Biofilms were incubated for an additional 6 weeks following these treatments to allow for biofilm regrowth. The impact of these treatments on the resulting MIC rates was evaluated by comparing the weight loss corrosion rates and localized pitting corrosion of the carbon steel coupons. Additionally qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to enumerate and identify the different corrosive microbial communities that developed on the coupons following the different treatments. Fundamentally different effects of corrosion inhibitors on MIC were observed depending on whether these chemicals were applied to a pre-formed biofilm or to mechanically cleaned steel surfaces.

Understanding the Effect of Water Chemistry and Surface Grinding on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation of Filler Metal 82

Product Number: ED22-17143-SG

Author: N.SUPORNPAIBUL, M.G. BURKE, J. DUFF, F. SCENINI, Y.WANG

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

SCC of Ni-base filler metal (FM) 82 has been reported in the nozzles and other components in Light Water Reactors (LWRs). The typical characteristics of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ni-base alloys are a long incubation time followed by slow propagation, which can suddenly transition to fast propagation. Whilst there has been considerable effort expended to develop an SCC mechanism that can explain and predict SCC in Alloy 600, fewer studies have investigated SCC of FM 82. The Preferential Intergranular Oxidation (PIO) SCC mechanism of Alloy 600 proposed by Bertali et al. which is an evolution of the Selective Internal Oxidation SCC mechanism proposed by Scott and Le Calvar is considered one of the most representative primary water SCC mechanisms for Alloy 600.

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Understanding the Effects of NaCl Concentration on Zinc Phosphate Pigment Morphology and Composition by Advection Through Phenoxy Thermoplastic Free Films

Product Number: 41215-879-SG

Author: Robert C. Bennett, Greg Curtzwiler, Christina Konecki, Dilhan Fernando, James W. Rawlins

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Corrosion is a major concern for all materials during their service lives. In particular, salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) are known to promote corrosion and detrimentally affect coating performance. Understanding how NaCl affects water uptake into a film and its interactions with corrosion-inhibiting pigments is important for developing the next generation of anticorrosive coatings.

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Understanding the Effects of NaCl Concentration on Zinc Phosphate Pigment Morphology and Composition by Advection Through Phenoxy Thermoplastic Free Films

Product Number: 41216-946-SG

Author: Robert C. Bennett, Greg Curtzwiler, Christina Konecki, Dilhan Fernando, James W. Rawlins

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Corrosion is a major concern for all materials during their service lives. In particular, salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) are known to promote corrosion and detrimentally affect coating performance. Understanding how NaCl affects water uptake into a film and its interactions with corrosion-inhibiting pigments is important for developing the next generation of anticorrosive coatings.

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Understanding The Effects of Test Solution Chemistry on Sour Service Testing at a pH Range Relevant to Flexible Pipe in Oil and Gas Applications

Product Number: 51323-19055-SG

Author: R. Yazdi, M. Haahr, J. B. Jakobsen, L. Korcakova, S. Sondergaard, J. Gudme

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Fossil fuel is still the main source of energy, despite ongoing attempts to replace it with renewable sources. Nowadays, the easily accessible fossil energy is depleting significantly onshore; and since the need for this source of energy remains, the extraction of oil and gas from subsea is increasing. Unbounded flexible pipes are largely employed for extracting oil and gas from subsea fields as well as for CO2 reinjection into the oil wells to enhance their efficiency.

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Understanding The Effects Of Zn Injection And OLNC-Treatment On 316 Stainless Steel Oxide Under Simulated BWR Conditions

Product Number: ED22-17227-SG

Author: Dora Capone, Liberato Volpe, Ben F. Spencer, Tsuyoshi Ito, Jonathan Duff, Tsuyoshi Ito, M. Grace Burke, Yoichi Wada, Fabio Scenini, Makoto Nagase

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Austenitic stainless-steel alloys are widely used as structural components in light water reactors (LWR) coolant systems, due to their passivity in high temperature water solutions. After initial passivation, subsequent development and dissolution rates of the protective film are very low. Nevertheless, metal cations and colloidal particles that are generated by superficial corrosion of structural materials, can be activated and generate radioactive isotopes that are responsible for radiation source as they circulate through the reactor core. Specifically, the radioactive 60Co, generated by neutron activation of the inactive 59Co (constituent of the naturally occurring Co), releases high-energy γ rays with a half-life of 5.3 years and is the main radiation source in boiling water reactor plants. Mitigating the incorporation of 60Co into stainless-steel oxide depends on understanding the phenomenon of oxide growth and development as a
function of the water chemistry employed, which involves thermodynamic and kinetic considerations.

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Understanding the False Positive of Modified Martensitic Steels in Sweet & Sour Service Conditions using a Point Defect Model Perspective

Product Number: 51323-18901-SG

Author: Alan Martinez, Raymundo Case, Yuan Ding, Homero Castaneda, Jolly Bhadra, Noora Al-Thani, Aboubakr Abdullah, Ahmed Bahgat, Abdraman Moussa, Noora Al-Qahtani, Muhsen El Haddad

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Modified 13Cr (UNS S41426) (M13Cr) are advantageous as components for wellbores in oil and gas upstream units due to their high strength capabilities and tremendous corrosion resistance in sweet environments with minimal H2S levels. However, previous studies speculate disparities between an overestimation in the application limits for the 110 ksi grade material. Previous experimental results associate this to microstructural differences from varying heat treatments. The proprietary procedures used to manufacture, emphasize a lack of quality control among suppliers.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance