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Boilers are one of the most fundamental systems in refineries or processing plants. It is very critical to assess and control the conditions of boilers to avoid the operation failure. Scale and corrosions are major problems in the boiler. Boiler chemical treatment has been considered to be a cost-effective approach to prevent deposition formation and minimize corrosion in boilers to control feeding chemicals, tracers are used for monitoring chemical dosage levels. The usage of fluorescent tracers for dosage control and system diagnostics is a recognized approach for decreasing operator workload and improving system performance.
In industrial boiler operation, it is very critical to control boiler conditions to avoid the failure. Boiler chemical treatment is considered as a cost-effective approach to prevent scale formation and minimize corrosion to control feeding chemicals, tracers can be formulated into scale and corrosion inhibitor for the dosage monitoring.This paper presents both laboratory and operation studies of fluorescein in a scale and corrosion inhibitor. The studies include: 1. Evaluation of fluorescein stability at 400°F; 2. Assessment of fluorescein monitoring accuracy compared with other analysis method in boiler operation system; 3. Investigation of the effects of fluorescein on other element analysis, mainly molybdate and iron, by wet chemistry methods. Based on the testing results, fluorescein are stable and can be accurately measured at least up to 600 psi boiler conditions. The present of fluorescein has negligible effects on both molybdate analysis and iron analysis by wet chemistry method at the common treatment dosage range (< 600 ppb of fluorescein).
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is a very common active ingredient in oil and gas biocides. While product labels provide broad guidelines application dosing the lowest effective dose of THPS is difficult to determine. Site water chemistry and bacteria biology variability will affect the dose need to achieve the desired level of bacteria population control. For these reasons biocide dose response studies are commonly conducted on solutions containing bacteria to determine the effect of treatments before application.
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Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is currently stored in stainless steel dry storage canisters (DSCs) contained within concrete cask systems with passive ambient air cooling. These systems are emplaced, either horizontally or vertically, at independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs), located at utility reactor sites. The ambient air introduces moisture, aerosolized salt particles, and dust to the canister surfaces. The composition of the aerosols depends on geographical factors, such as proximity to the ocean,industrial area, rural areas, and transportation corridors that use road salt for winterization.
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, can be converted into bio-oil (BO) via thermochemical conversion pathways. Among them, fast pyrolysis is the most common and the only industrially applied approach to convert dry biomass into BO. There are many advantages of using BO to replace traditional fossil fuels. For example, the amount of CO2 generated from biofuel combustion is close to that absorbed in raw biomass growth, leading to a net-zero carbon emission from energy production. BO combustion generates lower emissions of SOx and NOx compared to conventional fossil fuels.