AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

Available for download

NSRP-US Navy Initiatives to Reduce the Costs of Painting Navy Ships

Product Number: 41211-593-SG

Author: Steve Cogswell

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

This paper will discuss cost reduction of building and maintaining Navy Ships. Specifications, inspection, preparation, and application will also be discussed.

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Nucleation And Crystal Growth Of Calcium Carbonate In The Presence Of Zn

Product Number: 51322-17700-SG

Author: Peter G. Koutsoukos, Panagiota D. Natsi, Zahid Amjad

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Calcium carbonate precipitation in the presence of pollutants is a carrier of importance for their transport to the sediments and for their subsequent release depending on the local microenvironment conditions. Zinc is often present in industrial waters (heat exchangers and boilers) mainly for corrosion protection. Depending on the alkalinity and calcium concentration of waters used in water intensive processes, calcium carbonate fouling is common. Moreover, among other metals, is present in natural waters together with iron and copper, where the concentration of Zn(II) may reach at levels of several ppm.

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Nucleation Corrosion in Liquid Hydrocarbons

Product Number: 51323-19463-SG

Author: Hitesh Bagaria, Moshood Adewale, Nimeshkumar Patel, Jennifer Sargent, Trevor Place

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The condensation of acidic species from vapor to liquid occurs when the system is cooled to or below the dew point temperature. Such condensation leads to extremely aggressive corrosion that is referred to as acid dew point corrosion. Some also refer to this corrosion as low temperature corrosion or cold corrosion.

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Numerical Exploration of a Comprehensive Mechanistic CO2 Corrosion Model Part I: Influence of Temperature, Pressure and Bulk pH

Product Number: 51323-19304-SG

Author: Michael Jones, Gregory de Boer, Richard Woollam, Joshua Owen and Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Simulation and modeling of corrosion processes is an area of research that has seen significant growth
in recent decades, with technological advancements drastically reducing the time required to solve the
equations that underpin real-world physics. Predicting the behavior of a system computationally, when
done accurately, provides great benefit complementing experimental testing to further explain what is
happening within the corrosion process. There have therefore been multiple predictive models produced
over the years to achieve this aim. Within the realm of carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion, Kahyarian et al.

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Numerical Exploration of a Comprehensive Mechanistic CO2 Corrosion Model Part II: Influence of Hydrodynamics and Bulk pH

Product Number: 51323-19305-SG

Author: Michael Jones, Gregory de Boer, Richard Woollam, Joshua Owen and Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

It is well known that the hydrodynamics of fluid flow directly influences the corrosion process, as shown
in various experiments utilizing rotating electrodes and flow loops to measure corrosion within
turbulent flow. However, when fluid is flowing through a pipe, there is a phenomenon known as the ‘noslip
condition’ which causes the velocity of the fluid to tend to zero as it reaches the wall. For straight
pipe flow, this follows the ‘universal law of the wall’ (Figure 1) which separates flow into 3 domains: fully
turbulent flow, the buffer layer, and the viscous sublayer (also known as the boundary layer) which is the
being modelled here.

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Numerical Simulation of Blast Nozzles

Product Number: 51220-253-SG

Author: Joshua A. Keep, Ingo H. Jahn

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

This paper describes the development of a CFD model for simulating blast nozzles in the OpenFOAM environment and quantifies the performance of two #6 blasting nozzle geometries operating with garnet. Simulation results indicate that the developed CFD model is suitable for blast nozzles operating with #80 garnet or finer.

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Numerical Simulation of Punching Shear Capacity of GFRP Bar Reinforced Concrete Slabs-on-Ground Designed for Shrinkage and Crack Width Control

Product Number: MECC23-20047-SG

Author: Muhammad K. Rahman; Mesfer M. Al-Zahrani; Mohammed Fasil; Sami Al-Abdul Jabbar

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Ground-supported structures such as slabs-on-ground, walkways, concrete pavements, storm-water channels, pipe supports, and industrial floors are exposed to harsh environmental conditions in the Middle East region, characterized by large temperature and humidity fluctuations. The highly varying temperature and humidity regimes accelerates moisture diffusion and the associated drying shrinkage in concrete slabs. The external restraint on these slabs by the subgrade and the internal restraint from the embedded reinforcement causes cracks on the surface of these slabs.

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Numerical Simulation of Under-film Corrosion of Coated Steel Panels with Multiple Coating Defects in Marine Environments

Product Number: 51319-12969-SG

Author: Naoki Osawa

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion in the water ballast tank (WBT) is caused by under-film corrosion originating from point or linear coating film defects. Osawa et al.(Proc. OMAE2016-54508) developed a two-dimensional cellular automaton (CellA) for under-film corrosion analysis and succeeded in consistent analysis of coating film deterioration and corrosion depletion. In CellA analyses the cellular automaton parameters governing coating performance and metallic corrosion are given by random number fields without spatial structure. This is over-simplified for large panel simulation and it is necessary to improve CellA in consideration of non-uniformity of the parameters. In this report corrosion tests of coated steel panels with multiple scribes are performed showing non-uniformity in coating blistering and corroded surface profile. Next a generation technique for non-normal random field with a spatial covariance structure is developed. This technique is adopted in the cell automaton parameter determination process. With this improved CellA program the under-film corrosion simulations of multiple-scribed coated panels are carried out. The calculated probability of occurrence of the cross-sectional asymmetry is compared with that measured. Based on this result the effectiveness of the developed analysis method is verified.

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O2 Contamination in Ssc / Hic Qualification Test Environments – Impact on Test Results and Discussion on Acceptable Limits

Product Number: 51319-12894-SG

Author: Christophe Mendibide

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

It is a well-admitted fact that oxygen contamination shall be avoided during standard H2S cracking tests. Until 2016 NACE technical methods related to H2S cracking resistance evaluation (e.g. NACE TM0284 and NACE TM0177) only gave general suggestions about O2 pollution. For instance it was recommended that ‘tests vessels shall be capable of being purged to remove O2’ and also that ‘O2 contamination is evident by a cloudy appearance’. In the 2016 revisions of NACE TM0177 and NACE TM0284 documents quantitative limits of O2 contamination were included:- Test method must ensure that the test solution contains less than 50 mass. ppb dissolved O2 before the introduction of H2S.- A more stringent limit of 10 ppb max. is imposed when testing Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA) or high strength low alloy steels (> 80 ksi).However the scientific basis of these values have not been well-established yet and there is still a lack of available experimental data to illustrate the potential impacts of small dissolved oxygen contents on the cracking resistance of different materials. In addition while the revised test methods explicitly address initial contamination of the test solution before H2S introduction they do not consider a continuous oxygen supply during testing. This possible continuous O2 contamination is extremely difficult to eliminate and control for example in case of poor laboratory practices oxygen ingress may arise by permeation through polymer tubings used for the tests or in case of a lack of tightness of gaskets.In order to better understand the impact of O2 contamination on H2S cracking a 3-years Joint Industrial Project (JIP) was launched at the end of 2015. The objectives were to evaluate if continuous O2 contamination can affect H2S cracking test results. A range of steel grades covering different types of O&G applications such as line pipe OCTG and flexible wires were used. Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC uniaxial tensile as well as 4 point-bend tests) and Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) tests were conducted with well-controlled and continuous O2 contamination. Three levels of O2 partial pressures in the gas feed corresponding to 300 ppb 50 ppb and less than 10 ppb dissolved O2 were used. These levels were selected to simulate poor deaeration and the current limits specified in the last standard revisions respectively.In parallel to the standard qualification tests hydrogen permeation and weight-loss corrosion experiments were performed with the same test matrix covering all regions of the SSC severity diagram. This paper aims at sharing the main results of this JIP.

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OAP Coating Systems & Linings for Petroleum & Water Storage Tanks

Product Number: 51220-286-SG

Author: Deborah V. Simmons

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The tank painting process for the interior of a petroleum and/or water storage tank requires proper coating selection, product application and inspection in order to achieve long-term service life. The primary cause of early coating failures in a painting project is often related to an application issue. The use of coating systems and linings formulated with Optically Active Pigments (OAP) can help to ensure correct application and inspection of the tank linings.

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Observation of Flow Dependent Corrosion Rate by Ultrasound Corrosion Monitoring on a Gas Pipeline

Product Number: 51317--9336-SG

ISBN: 9336 2017 CP

Author: Hanne Martinusssen

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This trial demonstrated that ultrasonic monitoring can be applied to detect changes in real-life corrosion rates in a short time (3 weeks). This short feedback time can be used to give advanced warnings on corrosion issues on bends, T-pieces or other areas.

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Obtaining The Polarized Potential Under AC Interference

Product Number: 51322-17634-SG

Author: Andreas Junker Olesen, Lars Vendelbo Nielsen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The -850 mV (CSE) criterion refers to the polarized pipeline potential that is free of any IR-drop. Different methods to obtain the polarized potential exist. Interruption of the CP current will cause the current, I, and thus the IR-drop to become zero and the remaining polarization immediately after the interruption is representative of the polarized potential of the pipeline.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance